Structure, etc., of Epiphegus Virgintana, 389 
dicular to the preceding division, so that two smaller cells lie 
side by side beyond the oblique wall. There is no indication 
of any differentiation into special regions such as is usually 
shown in normal embryos. The whole mass remains spher- 
ical and undifferentiated. 
The upper cell of the two-celled stage has proceeded 
slowly with its division, while the lower cell has been thus 
active. It divides twice, to form two equal cells above, and 
a small flattened lenticular cell below. The middle of these 
three cells then divides in two in the other direction, so that 
there appear two smaller cells lying side by side (Fig. 16). 
These four cells form a kind of elongated neck rising above 
the spherical mass below. In the latest stages observed, I 
have never seen any further differentiation in this structure, 
which is evidently a rather degraded suspensor. 
In the mature ovule or seed, that is ready for discharge, 
the embryo appears one-third the distance below the micro- 
pyle. The albumen cells have increased to eight or more 
rows. They have enlarged greatly, especially the outer cells, 
and have become fainter in staining capacity. The cyto- 
plasm is reduced in amount, the nucleus is rather pale and 
faint-looking. These cells are cubical usually, and well 
filled with starch grains. A considerable cellulose thicken- 
ing develops along the regular outer row of albumen cells, 
and forms some distance down thin division walls. Of the 
seed-coats, only the outer row of cells is now functional. 
The remaining cells lie in shrunken narrow strands outside 
the albumen. This outermost row of cells is enormously 
enlarged. Each contains little cytoplasm, a pale nucleus and 
vacuolated nucleolus, and numerous large starch grains. 
There is a great development of a dense clear shining wall- 
thickening, that looks like cork. In surface view, this 
appears like a lattice-work, of long parallel bands joined by 
occasional short cross-bars. In section, this thickening is 
seen to develop entirely in the side walls of the cells, as a 
broadly lenticular mass. The outer and inner walls are quite 
unthickened. 
