Structure, etc., of Epiphegus Virgintana. 397 
7. Chasmogamic flowers are equally numerous on plants 
growing in shade as in sunshine. A small percentage of 
them produces good capsules; not all are sterile, as indicated 
in botanical works. 
8. The chasmogamic type of flower is the more primitive, 
the cleistogamic has been evolved from it by gradual modi- 
fication of all its parts. 
g. On the aerial parts stomata are abundant and wide- 
spread. 
10. Bicollateral bundles are here frequent and well devel- 
oped, while as in other parasites that have been described, 
the xylem is relatively small, the phloem relatively large in 
amount. 
11. Complicated and anastomosing bicollateral vascular 
bundles occur likewise in the tuber. 
12. The so-called “grapplers”’ arise endogenously, and 
are true roots, though by degeneration the root-cap has been 
lost. In structure they show degenerate histological pecu- 
liarities. 
13. Histologically it is shown that the cleistogamic flow- 
ers are physiologically but not morphologically cleistogamic. 
They retain a fairly well-developed nectary that probably 
represents a fifth stamen. 
14. The microspore follows the type of development com- 
mon to angiosperms, but the mature grain shows division 
into two distinct nucleated protoplasmic masses. 
15. The macrospore develops normally, but the endo- 
sperm nucleus produces a precocious endosperm, as in other 
related parasities, that grows up round the egg cell. 
16. The developing embryo shows no trace of cotyledons. 
17. The parasitic relation is established from the beech- 
root, rather than from Epiphegus, and is early shown as an 
invading ramifying tissue composed of large richly proto- 
plasmis cells and tracheids, that eventually establish a highly 
complicated relation in the mature tuber of Epiphegus. 
