THE WOODS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 9 
Il. The Woods of New Brunswick: Being a Description of the Trees 
of the Province available for economic purposes, prepared by 
order of the Hon. James Mitchell, Surveyor-General of New 
Brunswick, for use at the International Forestry Exhibition at 
Edinburgh in 1884. By L. W. Battery, Ph.D., Professor 
of Natural History in the University of New Brunswick ; 
and Epwarp Jack, C.E., Surveyor of Crown Lands, 
Newfoundland and the Maritime Provinces of Canada are, of 
all new colonies, the nearest to Great Britain. The extensive 
tracts of barren land which the first contains, and the habits of 
its inhabitants which are those of fishermen, forbid the expectation 
of a large timber yield from it. New Brunswick, however, which 
has in its interior a vast extent of fertile land covered by virgin 
forests, consisting largely of birch, maple, beech, and other hard 
woods of large size and excellent quality, stands ready to furnish 
these in any desired quantity or form (as well as soft woods of 
different kinds) so soon as the necessities of British commerce 
and manufactures demand it. 
Tue Prine AND Fir Trise (Abietine). 
The representatives of this tribe in New Brunswick are—(1.) 
The White Pine; (2.) The Red or Norway Pine; (3.) The Grey 
or Northern Scrub Pine; (4.) The Hemlock Spruce; (5.) The 
White or Single Spruce; (6.) The Black or Double Spruce ; 
(7.) The Balsam Fir; and (8.) The American Larch, Tamarack, 
or Hackmatac, 
1, THE WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus, L.). 
The white pine is one of the largest, tallest, and most stately 
trees in the New Brunswick forest, often rising in a single straight 
but tapering column to a height of 80 feet or more, in rare in- 
stances to over 120 feet. 
The several varieties, distinguished locally as “ Pumpkin Pine,” 
“Sapling Pine,” and “ Bull Sapling,” owe their origin to a slight 
difference in the colour, texture, and specific gravity of the wood, 
dependent upon corresponding differences in the condition of their 
growth. The first named is found most thickly near the shores 
of streams, or on hill sides fronting lakes or streams, seldom 
