NEW AND RARE CONIFER AT PENRHYN CASTLE. 63 
PINUS AUSTRIACA. 
Feet. Inches. 
Height of tree, . - : . 42 0 
Girth of stem at 1 foot = : : : 5 2 
Girth of stem at 5 feet up, . . : 4 + 
Diameter of spread of branches, . ; 22 0 
Perhaps few of the Pine tribe possess the many good qualities 
which can be attributed to this species. Whether for shelter, 
effect, adaptation to different soils and situations, or planting in 
maritime districts, it is invaluable. The timber is also tough, 
resinous, and well fitted for resisting the evil effects attending the 
change from a moist to a dry state. Around the margins of 
most of the seaside plantations here, this pine is extensively 
planted, as it not only withstands the rough sea breeze better 
than any other, and by its thick, strong foliage, renders a great 
amount of shelter to other less hardy kinds, but also, by its dark, 
glossy appearance, it presents a striking effect when viewed from 
a distance. Introduced in 1835 from Austria. 
Pinus CEMBRA. 
Feet. Inches. 
Height of tree, . : : : 37 0 
Girth of stem at 1 foot wig : : 3 2 
Girth of stem at 5 feet up, . : : 2 8 
Diameter of spread of branches, . : 12 0 
Being of but slow growth and recent introduction, none of this 
species has attained great dimensions here ; but, from the healthy 
appearance of several planted out as single specimens in the park, 
as well as others interspersed through some of the general planta- 
tions, we anticipate much success with them. This pine also 
luxuriates in maritime districts; the two best specimens are 
standing within a few yards of the sea, though partially sheltered 
by a narrow strip of wood. It attains greatest perfection in a 
rich, deep, loamy soil, although many examples of fine growth 
may be seen here on thin, poor soils, and very exposed situations. 
The wood of this tree is soft, close grained, and easily worked ; 
the heart-wood is of an agreeable light brown colour, resinous, 
durable, and fragrant. The well-known Swiss carved ornaments 
are made from this wood, Introduced about 1746. 
