384 ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 
these books, however, is there so full a list of timber trees, and their 
vernacular names, as that in the present essay. 
EUROPE. 
Most of the forest trees of Europe are familiar to us either in a 
wild or cultivated condition, the British Isles having no species 
which do not occur on the Continent. The following table gives 
the acreage of woods and forests in the various countries of Europe 
from about 1875 to 1877 :— 
Acres. Acres. 
Great Britain, : . 2,187,078 | Wirtemberg, ; . 1,494,147 
Ireland, : : : 328,413 | Holland, i : ; 486,229 
United Kingdom, . . 2,515,491 | Belgium, ; ; . 1,073,452 
Russia, ; 2 . 527,426,510 | France, : . 20,641,953 
Sweden, : ; . 40,636,883 | Italy, . : : . 9,031,310 
Norway, : : . 17,290,000 | Austria, : : - 2s: 2eeeise 
Denmark, . : : 364,474 | Hungary, . : . 19,425,600 
North Germany, . . 20,047,014 | Switzerland, ; . 1,905,407 
Baden, ; : BRS BY/A(Aorl 
Unitep Kinepom. 
The forest area is thus distributed :— 
Acres. Acres. 
England, . ; . 1,825,765 | Wales, . : ; ; 126,823 
Scotland, . : : 734,490 | Isle of Man and the Chan- 
3,240 
Ireland, : , : 325,173 nel Islands, 
In the north of Scotland the prevalent indigenous species are 
Pinus sylvestris, L., the Scots fir, and Betula alba, L., the birch; but 
much of the pine is planted, and there are extensive plantations of 
larch (Larix ewropea, DC.), e.g., the Duke of Atholl’s 10,000 acres 
at Dunkeld. At Rothiemurchus, Inverness, where the Scots fir is 
indigenous, the trees have an average height of 70 feet and a girth 
of 43 feet. With reference to this species it is worthy of note that, 
on the Continent at least, it is very variable, no less than fourteen 
forms having been described from Savoy alone, and as these forms 
are of slightly different value as timber, it is important to discrimi- 
nate them with a view to cultivate the best. M. Vilmorin divides 
them into two groups—(1.) rubra, with ascending, and (2.) vulgaris, 
with horizontal, branches. To the latter belong the Geneva and 
Briangon pines; and to the former the Hagenau or German, the 
Scots, the Louvain, and the Riga varieties. To the last named, 
the most valuable type, belongs the timber from Smolensk, Vitebsk, 
