ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 389 
a quarter of the area of Bavaria being under wood, much of it 
being mountainous, and there being a large demand for fuel. No 
less than twenty-three per cent. of the area of the kingdom of 
Prussia is forest land. The chief trees in the province of Prussia 
are the “kiefer” (Pinus sylvestris, L.) and “ fichte” (Picea eacelsa), 
which comprise three-fourths of the whole.  ‘ Liirche” (Larix 
europed, DC.) is rare, “buchen” (Lagus sylvatica, L.), ‘“hain- 
buchen” or “weissbuchen” (Carpinus Betulus, L.), ‘eiche” 
(Quercus), ‘‘spitzahorn” (Acer platanordes, L.), “ bergahorn” (A. 
Pseudo-platanus, L.), “ ruster” (Ulmus campestris, Spach.), “ erle ” 
(Alnus glutinosa, Gaertn.), ‘ birke” (Betula alba, L.), “ sahlweide”’ 
(Salix Caprea, L.), ‘‘werftweide” (S. acuminata, Sm.), “linde” 
(Tiha europea, L.), “eberesche” (Pyrus Aucuparia, L.), and 
‘“‘aspe” (Popula tremula, L.) also occur. 
Similar trees occur in Posen and Pomerania, “‘ Hasel ” (Corylus 
Avellana) being also grown in the latter province. ‘“ Edeltanne” 
(Abies pectinata, DC.) is recorded for Silesia, and the “ weymuths- 
kiefer” (Pinus Strobus, L.) and “esche” (Yraxinus excelsior, L.) 
also for Brandenburg. The “‘faulbaum” (Rhamnus Prangula) and 
“eibe” (Laxus baccata, L.) are among the chief trees of the pro- 
vince of Saxony, and the ‘“pappel” (Populus), ‘‘ weissfichte ” 
(Abies pectinata), and “ zwergkiefer ” (Pinus Punvilio) among those 
of Schleswig-Holstein ; otherwise the lists from the various provinces 
are similar to theabove. Oak is largely used for artillery purposes, 
and aspen and birch in ship-building. By the budget for 1880, 
50,000 marks were assigned for the introduction of foreign trees, 
including Pinus Laricio, “swartzkiefer,” from 8. Europe ; Abies 
Nordmanniana, from the Caucasus ; Picea sitchensis, from Japan, 
together with some other conifers ; and the following species from 
North America :— 
Pinus rigida, ponderosa, and Jeffreyi. | Juglans nigra. 
Abies (Pseudotsuga) Douglasii. Quercus rubra. 
Thuja gigantea. Betula lenta. 
Cupressus Lawsoniana. Populus monilifera. 
Juniperus virginiana. Acer Negundo, saccharinum, and 
Carya alba, amara, aquatica, por- dasycarpum. 
cina, and tomentosa. 
The Duchy of Gotha contains 44,140 hectares of forest, 85 per 
cent. of which is pine, the chief other trees being beech, spruce, 
larch, oak, maple, ash, birch, and elm, Coburg contains 15,718 
hectares of similar forests. 
