ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 413 
mahogany.” “ Billian” is also known as “ Borneo iron-wood.” 
Casuarina equisetifolia, “Chow” or “* Menkabang Penang,” used 
for masts and building; a species of Calophyllum, known as 
“ mast ;” sandal-wood, and a species of ebony also occur; and sago 
and sappan-wood are among the products of the island. 
(7.) Motuccas. 
Here, too, the woods are comparatively little known. India- 
rubber, gutta-percha, sandal-wood, nutmegs (J/yristica moschata, 
growing 20 to 30 feet high, and other species), Dammar (Dammara 
orientalis), and camphor are among the chief products ; and “ Am- 
boyna wood ” (Péerocarpus ?) is the best known timber. 
(8.) New GUINEA. 
Dense forests cover the greater part of New Guinea, the flora 
still retaining an Indian facies; Ficus, Casuarina, Calophyllum, 
Podocarpus, Diospyros, Aleurites, Canarium, Durio, and Wormia 
being among the chief genera of trees, with many palms, creepers, 
and ferns. But both Dammara and Araucaria occur ; and, on the 
shores of the Gulf of Papua, Zucalyptus and Pandanus, giving an 
Australian character to the flora ; whilst in the sub-alpine moun- 
tain flora there are oaks and rhodudendrons. 
(9.) PHILIPPINES. 
In a flora essentially Malayan, with a Chinese admixture, the 
Philippines possess no less than 200 kinds of wood worthy of trial 
in the arsenal at Manila. Among them are “ Padouk” (Péerocar- 
pus indicus), “Molave” (Vitex geniculatus and V. altessima), 
almost equal to the teak, ‘“‘Dongon” (Sterculia cymbiformis), 
“Tpel” (Eperua decandra), “Lanan” (Dipterocarpus thurifer), 
“ Bolongaeta” (Diospyros pilosanthera), and others known as 
“ Tindalo,” ‘ Vacal,” “Malac Malac,” “ Baucal,” ‘ Salomaria,” 
“ Anagap,” and “ Camagon.” ; 
(10.) Creyton. 
The greater part of the dry districts of the north-east of Ceylon 
is still forest, but the trees are mostly small. A collection of 240 
species, botanically determined, with Tamil and Sinhalese names, 
was exhibited in the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, of which the 
following 56 are reserved under the recent Forest Act :— 
