ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 417 
Pinaster, with Cedrus atlantica and Callitris quadrivalvis, are the 
chief conifers. Quercus Suber, Q. Llex, Q. castaneefolia, and Q. 
ballota, with elm, ash, maple, and olive, are the chief Angiospermous 
trees. Cork, olives, and olive-oil, and bark for tanning, are the 
chief products of the forests. Tunis, once well supplied with Aleppo 
pine (Pinus halepensis), is now denuded of timber; and Egypt, 
rich in date-palms, has no forests, though Acacia, Tamarix, Tama- 
rindus, and Zizyphus reach a considerable size and form wood. 
The sycamore fig (Ficus sycomorus), used for making mummy- 
cases, was originally Egyptian. Abyssinia, the native home of the 
coffee, has forests on the temperate and humid mountains of the 
interior, which are, however, less known than the luxuriant vegeta- 
tion of Central Africa. 
CENTRAL AND WESTERN AFRICA. 
The timber trees of this region are not yet fully ascertained. 
Stanley mentions Bassia Parkii, the “Shea” butter (Sapotacee) ; 
Oldfieldia africana, “ African teak,” a wood introduced into Eng- 
land in 1819, belonging either to the Sapindacee or Euphorbiacee ; 
* Kola nut” (Sterculia acuminata), known by various names, and 
much used instead of betel; ‘“‘Cashew-nut” (Anacardium, sp.) and 
gigantic tamarinds. And from the colonies of the West Coast, 
together with other undetermined woods, we import Swietenia 
Senegalensis or Khaza, “Africa mahogany ;” Pterocarpus erinaceus, 
** African Rosewood,” which also yields a Kino; Blighia sapida, 
“ Akee” (Sapindacee) ; and Carapa guineensis (Meliaceee), which 
also yields an oil from its seeds. It occurs also in British Guiana, 
and is known as “crabwood,” and the oil as crab oil. Baphia 
nitida, “barwood” or “camwood” (Leguminose), is used mainly as 
areddye. ‘Dattock,” Detarium senegalense, Gmelin (Leguminose), 
is a dense dark brown wood. 
NATAL, 
The timber trees of Natal, mostly growing in somewhat inacces- 
sible situations, have unfortunately not yet been completely de- 
termined. Among them are— 
Calodendron capense, Thunb. ‘‘ Wild chestnut.” 20 to 30 feet, and2 to 3 
feet in diameter. Soft, white. (Rutacee.) 
Celtis rhamnifolius, or C. Kraussiana, Bernh, ‘‘Camdeboo,” ‘ soft grey 
stinkwood.” (Ulmacee.) 
