449 ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 
Juniperus bermudiana, Ll.  ‘* Ber- | Persea gratissima, Girtn. *‘ Avocado 
muda cedar.” | pear.” 
Mammea americana, L. ‘‘Mammee Salix babylonica, Tourn. * Wil- 
apple.” low.” 
Melia Azedarach, L. “Pride of | Tamarindus indica, L. ‘* Tamarind.” 
India.” Tecoma pentaphylla, Juss. ‘** White 
Olea europea, L. ‘* Olive.” cedar.” 
UNITED STATES. 
The whole region east of the Mississippi, except the prairies 
north of the Ohio and the “ barrens ” of Kentucky and Tennessee, 
was, when first known to Europeans, a timbered country ; but from 
Mexico northward to the Arctic Ocean is a broad treeless belt. 
East of this belt broad-leaved, deciduous hardwoods predominate 
both in species and in individuals ; west of it the forests are almost 
wholly coniferous.! The area of woodland in the United States in 
1870 was estimated at 380 million acres ; but the increased demand 
for timber, its waste as fuel and in clearing, the absence until 
recently of any protective measures against reckless destruction or 
forest fires, has considerably denuded the Eastern States. | Never- 
theless the value of the forest products of the country in 1880 was 
estimated at 700 million dollars, but little short of the value of its 
wheat and cotton together. In “‘The North American Sylva,” by 
F. A. Michaux (Philadelphia, 1865), to which an appendix of more 
recent discoveries was added by Professor Nuttall, the objectionable 
practice has been adopted of coining English names which have no 
scientific value, and neither have been, nor are likely to be, in 
common use. In the following list, which is mainly indebted to 
this work, only those English names have been inserted which are 
likely to be actually “ understanded of the people.” 
Quercus alba, L. ‘* White oak.” Q. p. palustris. ‘‘ Chestnut white 
Q. Robur, L. ‘Common European} oak.” 
oak.” Q. p. monticola, Michx. ‘‘ Rock chest- 
Q. pedunculata. ‘‘ European white| nut oak.” 
oak. Q. p. acuminata, Michx. ‘‘ Yellow 
Q. oliveformis, Michx. ‘‘ Mossy-cup| oak.” 
oak.” Q. p. Chincapin, Michx. fil. ‘*‘ Small 
Q. macrocarpa, Michx. ‘‘ Burr oak.”| chestnut oak.” 
Q. obtusiloba, Michx. ‘‘ Post oak.” | @. virens, Ait. ‘‘ American live oak.” 
Q. lyrata, Walt. ‘‘Over-cup oak.” |Q. Suber, L. ‘ Cork oak.” 
Q. prinus discolor, Michx. ‘‘Swamp | Q. Phellos, L. ‘* Willow,” or ‘‘willow- 
white oak.” leaved oak.” 
1 Précis, by Dr Lyons, M.P., of United States Reports, 1884. 
