ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 447 
Cupressus thyoides, L. ‘‘ White cedar.” | Sequoia gigantee, Endl. ‘* Mammoth 
Larix americana, L. ‘‘ Hackmatac,”| tree.” 
** American larch.” S. sempervirens.  ‘* Californian red- 
L. occidentalis,Nutt. ‘‘Westernlarch.”| wood.” 
NEWFOUNDLAND. 
Though forest fires and the absence of replanting was, in 1874, 
causing much reduction in the forests of Newfoundland, there were 
then in the island over 725 square miles, out of a total of 40,200, 
most of which is in Government hands, and more than half is 
situated in the Humber River Valley, which is rich in pine (Pinus 
Strobus, L.) and spruce (Picea alba and P. nigra). Inthe St George’s 
Bay and Codroy Valley districts there is little pine. Spruce, ‘“ tama- 
rack” or red larch (Larix microcarpa), “ yellow birch” or “ Wych 
hazel” (Betula excelsa), and “ white birch ” (B. alba) are abundant 
and of large size. The larch is said to be better than that of the 
mainland, and the yellow birch to be as durable as oak. Other 
important species are the ‘balsam fir” (Abies balsamea), the 
“aspen poplar” (Populus tremuloides, Michx.), the ‘‘balsam poplar” 
(P. balsamifera), and the “ mountain ash” (Mraxinus americana)! 
DoMINION OF CANADA, 
PRINCE EDWARD’S ISLAND. 
In 1874 the forests of Prince Edward’s Island occupied one- 
eighth of its area (2173 square miles), but were rapidly decreasing 
from fires, clearing, ete., much “cedar” (Juniperus virginiana) 
having been cut for railway purposes and other soft woods for 
building. Among the species are also white and black spruce 
(Picea alba and P. nigra), various varieties, “red,” “ white,” and 
“black” of the ‘‘ Hemlock” (Z’suga canadensis), “white birch” 
(Betula papyracea) and “yellow birch” (B. lenta), “rock maple” 
(Acer saccharinum?) and “white maple” (A. dasycarpum ?), 
besides beech, hazel, oak, elm, ash, pine, and fir.? 
Nova Scotia. 
Nova Scotia was computed to contain nine million acres of 
timber land in 1875. The strongest and most durable timber is 
that of the larch or ‘“ Hackmatack” (Larix americana), whilst 
1 Mr Rogers’s ‘‘ Analysis of Returns,” 1878, 2 Rogers, op. cit, 
VOL. XI., PART III. 2H 
