ECONOMIC FORESTRY. 449 
hemlock (Z'suga canadensis, Carr.) are among the most valuable 
timber trees in the provinces, cedar sleepers and hemlock bark- 
extract being considerable articles of export.! 
QUEBEC. 
Of nearly seventy-four million acres of forest in the province of 
Quebec in 1874, fifty-five and a-half belonged to Government ; but 
the clearing has long been excessive. The species are mostly the 
same as those of New Brunswick, the commonest species being 
“ white pine” (Pinus Strobus, L.), ‘‘ yellow pine” (P. mitis, Michx.), 
“red pine” (P. resinosa, Aiton), “white cedar” (Zhuja occi- 
dentalis, L.), “ hard maple” (Acer saccharinum, Wang.), white and 
black spruce, tamarac, and white elm. The white oak (Quercus 
alba, L.), the only species in the province, is comparatively scarce,” 
ONTARIO. 
The timber trade forms the chief industry of the province of 
Ontario, 87 per cent. of the amount felled being exported. White 
and red pine, black and white spruce, “ white” and “red cedar” 
(Thuja occidentalis, L., and Juniperus virginiana, Lawson), elm 
(Ulmus fulva, Michx.), and birch are the only abundant woods ; 
but the following were exhibited from the province in the Colonial 
and Indian Exhibition :— 
“Tulip tree,” or ‘‘ White wood.” 
(Liriodendron tulipifera, 1.) 
““Cucumber tree,” or ‘‘ Papaw.” 
(Asimina triloba, Dunal.) 
** Basswood,” or ‘‘Linden.” (Tilia 
americana, L.) 
‘Striped maple.” (Acer pennsyl- 
vanicum, L.) 
** Mountain maple.” 
Lamk. ) 
**Sugar maple.” 
Wang.) 
**Black maple.” (4. nigrum, Michx.) 
‘*Silver or white maple.” (A. dasy- 
carpum, Ehrh.) 
‘* Red or soft maple.” (4. rubrum, L.) 
(A. spicatum, 
(A. saccherinum, 
**Staghorn sumach.” (Rhus typhina, 
L.) 
“Wild plum.” 
Marshall. ) 
‘¢ Bird cherry.” 
L.) 
‘Choke cherry.” (P. virginiana, L.) 
‘* Black cherry.” (P. serotina, Ehrh.) 
‘*American crab apple.” (Pyrus coro- 
naria, L.) 
‘*American mountain 
americana, DC.) 
**Cockspur thorn.” 
galli, T.) 
‘*Scarlet-fruited thorn.” (C. coccinea, 
L.) 
(Prunus americana, 
(P. pennsylvanica, 
ash.” 
CP. 
(Crateegus crus- 
1 Rogers, op. cit. ; ‘ The Woods and Wooden Manufactures of the Province,” 
by Ira Cornwall; in ‘‘St John and New Brunswick,” by John R. Hamilton, 
St John, 1884 ; and ‘‘ New Brunswick,” by C. H, Lugrin, 1886, 
? Rogers, op. cit, 
