THE NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS OF CARNARVONSHIRE. 481 
XIX. The Native Trees and Shrubs of Carnarvonshire. By 
Aneus D. Wesster, Forester, Penrhyn Castle, Bangor, 
Wales. 
Having devoted considerable attention to the finding out of such 
trees and shrubs as may, so far as is known, be considered natives 
of this county, I have thought the subject not unworthy of the 
following brief remarks, more particularly as at least one species 
(Cotoneaster vulgaris) has been found wild in no other part of the 
British Isles. 
Taking into consideration that the area of Carnarvonshire is 
little over 370,000 acres, of which more than one-half is under 
crop, and that no less than 78 species and varieties of trees and 
shrubs are found therein, it will be seen that no other corresponding 
area of ground in Britain, nor, indeed, any single county, can 
boast of so rich a flora. 
Of the 78 species above mentioned, 24 may be classed as timber 
trees and the remaining 54 as shrubs proper, regarding the habitat 
and utility of which we will in turn say a few words. The 
arrangement of genera and species is according to Bentham’s 
* British Flora.” 
RANUNCULACE (One Species). 
1. The Traveller’s Joy or Old Man’s Beard (Clematis vitalba). 
—Few persons who take an interest in out-door flowers can fail to 
have admired our native Traveller’s Joy, which in many parts of 
England runs over the hedges and bushes, loading them first with 
its fragrant greenish-white flowers, and afterwards with an abund- 
ance of conspicuous silky, feathery carpels. It is a straggling 
climber, the woody stems of which sometimes attain a couple of 
inches in diameter and a length of several yards, the young branches 
spreading over trees and shrubs, and to which they become attached 
by their twisted petioles. In the chalky districts of southern and 
eastern England it is very abundant, but gradually decreases in 
quantity as we approach the north, and is, in a truly wild state, 
rare in Wales and Scotland. The popular names were given by 
Gerard in 1597—“ Traueilers Joie, as decking and adorning waies 
and hedges, where people travell : Virgin’s Bower, by reason of the 
goodly shadowe which they make with their thick bushing and 
