482 THE NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS OF CARNARVONSHIRE. 
climbing ; as also for the beautie of the flowers, and the pleasant 
scent or savour of the same.” 
The hoary appearance of the silky grey carpels has, no doubt, 
given rise to the name of “ Old Man’s Beard.” Plentiful in one or 
two stations near Bangor in a truly wild state. 
BERBERIDE (One Species). 
I 
2. The Common Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) —A_ pretty 
deciduous shrub, more especially when laden with its orange 
scarlet fruit or elegant drooping racemes of yellow flowers. It not 
unfrequently attains a height of 6 ft. to 8 ft. with gracefully 
arching branches, which are well armed with sharply-toothed ovate 
leaves. The berries are used for preserves, for garnishing dishes, 
and encased in sugar are prepared as comfits by confectioners. A 
yellow dye is prepared from the roots of this plant, and the bark is 
an ‘infallible” Welsh remedy for several diseases. Hedges, 
thickets, and woods are the usual haunts of the plant, but, although 
generally distributed over Britain, cannot be considered as wild in 
all districts. Fairly abundant in rocky woods throughout this 
county. 
CisTacE& (Two Species). 
3. The Common Rockcist (Helianthemum vulgare), and 4, the 
Hoary Rockcist (H. canwm).—These are dwarf undershrubs, with 
branched, woody stems that rarely exceed 8 in. to 12 in. in height. 
Flowers bright yellow, and produced in rich profusion throughout 
the summer, those of H. vulgare being larger, as, indeed, is the 
various parts of the plant, than 7. canwm. The latter is abundant 
on the limestone rocks of the Great Orme’s Head, while 1. vulgare 
is plentifully distributed in rocky pastures throughout the county 
generally. 
HyYPERICINEE (One Species). 
5. The Tutsan (Hypericum Androsemum).—A very ornamental 
shrubby plant, growing 2 ft. to 3 ft. in height, with ovate sub- 
cordate leaves, having numerous very minute glandular dots. 
Whether in flower or fruit this is one of our most showy and 
attractive woodland plants. It is widely distributed in Britain, 
occurring in open woods and amongst shrubs, but, in this county 
