THE NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS OF CARNARVONSHIRE. 489 
tinent. The bird cherry is, in this county, comparatively speaking, 
a rare tree, and in most cases only attains shrub height. One very 
fine specimen, growing alongside a mountain rivulet and at a con- 
siderable elevation above sea-level, is about 40 ft. in height, with a 
stem girthing 4 ft. 3 in. at a yard up. 
20. The Raspberry (Rubus Ideus). 
21. The Blackberry (2. fruticosus). 
22. The Stone Rubus (2. saxatilis).—The first two species are 
here, as in most parts of Britain, perhaps too abundant ; whereas 
the latter is a rare plant, inhabiting one or two rocky stations along 
the sea coast near Bangor. For the production of fruit all three 
species are valuable, while as natural game covert in open wood- 
lands the first two, more particularly the bramble, have special 
recommendations, and are preferred by most sportsmen to that 
artificially formed. 
23. The Burnet Rose (2osa spinosissima). 
24, The Downy Rose (2. villosa). 
25. The Sweetbrier (2. rubiginosa). 
26. The Dog Rose (2. canina). 
27. The Field Rose (2. arvensis).—These five species of rose 
are all fairly abundant throughout the county generally, while one 
or two well-marked varieties, notably R. Wilsonit, are occasionally 
to be met with. 
28. The Pear Tree (Pyrus communis). 
29. The Crab Apple Tree (Pyrus Malus).—Both these species, 
more particularly the latter, are evenly distributed throughout the 
county, but usually as small spreading trees or mere bushes, and 
seldom attaining cultivated height. 
30. The White Beam Tree (P. avia).—On the limestone cliffs of 
the Great Orme’s Head, and growing, one would suppose, without 
a particle of soil, this plant may be seen in its wildest luxuriance. 
Under cultivation it usually attains to 20 ft. or 30 ft. in height, 
with a well-branched somewhat rounded head, and is valuable 
either as a standard in the park or for planting along the outskirts 
of plantations that are visible from drives and roads. In foliage it 
is remarkably variable, that in the usually cultivated form being 
obovate, lobed, and toothed, with a dense flocculent down on the 
under surface, this latter from its white colour giving to the tree 
a distinct and peculiar appearance when agitated by the wind. The 
form that is usually found wild in this county is known by botanists 
as P. rupicola. 
