THE NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS OF CARNARVONSHIRE. 499 
county both have become quite naturalised, and are, in some cases 
at least, reproduced plentifully from seed. The flowers of the 
mezereon are particularly ornamental during early spring, and are 
produced before the leaf. ' 
EmpETRACE (One Species). 
56. The Crowberry (Zmpetrum nigrum).—On the Snowdon 
Range this pretty and distinct plant is tolerably abundant, and 
grows in similar situations to the heath, and also occurs, although 
in limited quantity, in one or two mountain woods at altitudes of 
not less than 700 to 809 ft. The berries, which are about the size 
of a pea and black, are collected by the Welsh children, and sold 
in the neighbouring towns for the making of jam and tarts. As a 
garden plant for boggy situations the crowberry is in request, the 
dwarf, evergreen habit rendering it well adapted for rockwork 
embellishment. 
Uxtmace® (One Species). 
57. The Wych or Scots Elm (Ulmus montana).—A_ large 
indigenous tree, with spreading branches and broadly ovate, nearly 
sessile leaves. This tree is generally shorter in the trunk, but often 
equal in diameter to the English elm (UV. campestris). The leaves 
are larger and longer, the shoots stronger, the back thinner and 
smoother, and the wood lighter in colour and of superior quality to 
that species generally. It thrives in a great variety of soils and 
situations, and is equally at home on thin, rocky soil or the best 
quality of loam. ‘The timber is highly valued by the cabinetmaker, 
shipbuilder, cartwright, and millwright, while in the manufacture 
of minor articles it is also largely employed. 
AMENTACEE (Twenty-two Species, belonging to Nine Genera). 
58. The Sweet Gale (Myrica Gale). 
applied to this plant, such as the bog myrtle, sweet gale, or sweet 
willow. It is an occupant of moors and boggy places generally, 
rises from 2 ft. to 4 ft. in height, with deciduous, linear-lanceolate 
leaves, usually downy underneath. When bruised the leaves emit 
a pleasant fragrance. 
59. The Common Alder (Alnus glutinosus).—This, the only 
native species, is usually when in a wild state, as it commonly is 
VOL. XI., PART III. 2L 
Various names have been 
