Hot and Thermal Springs. 159 



111 the same manner, as lakes and seas cause a depression of 

 temperature in tlieir immediate environs, so do also the glaciers. 

 To prove this, I also made some observations near the lower 

 glacier of Grindcwald, at a depth of 1 foot,* on the 26th 

 Auffust 1835, the results of which were as follows : — 



o 



Close to the glacier, ......+ 3G.50 



On the banks of the glacier-stream, where the first vegetation, grass 



and alder-trees, begins, ..... 46.G2 



100 paces from the same, ..... 51.12 



200 paces from the same, near the bridge, . . . 51.12 



■ICO paces from the same, beyond the bridge, . . . 52.47 



720 paces from the same, where the first potatoes are cultivated, and 



where the first maple and cherry trees stand, . . 51.8 1 



12.86 paces from the banks of the glacier-stream, the Schwarze Lilt- 



schine, near the bridge, ..... 49.10^ 



Only 8 paces from the same, ..... 55.40 

 1788 paces from the glacier, near Grindduald, where the first wheat 



is grown, ... .... 56.75 



Quite close to the glacier the temperature of the soil is consi- 

 derably modified by that of the air. Thus at the same spot, 

 near the glacier, where the temperature of the soil, on the 26th 

 August, the weather being cold and damp, was 46°.62, rose to 

 47°.97 on the 28th, when the weather had become fine and war- 

 mer, and on the 7th September, up to which time the days had 

 continued warm, I found it as high as 49^32. At Grindelzcald, 

 on the contrary, at a distance fi'om the glacier, the temperature 

 decreased from the 26th August to the 7th September, S2°.67, 

 which was exactly correspondent to the advance of the season. 



A chthonisothermal line of t°, at such a distance from the gla- 

 cier that its cooling influence on the soil could no longer be felt, 

 would, therefore, bend downwards on approaching the glacier. 



• The first observation only excepted, which, on account of the quantity 

 of stones, could only be made at a depth of C inches. 



t This somewhat lower tem])erature probably proceeds from a copious brook 

 wbich runs down from the Rlellenberg, at the very spot where the observation 

 was made, with a temperature of 4;{°.81. 



J Here we see the cooling influence of the Schwarze lAUschmc whose 

 temperature is only 41°.00, but which disap])ears, however, as the succeed- 

 ing observations shews, at s. distance of 8 paces. On the 28th December Mr 

 Ziegler found the tcm])eniture of tho Svhwarxc lAUschiiw, under the ice, to 

 be 32.22. 



