Characters of the Botanical Alliances. 415 



■vision superior. Corolla of 3 or 4 or 5 divisions, petals in 

 aestivation connate or valvate or involute at the apex, decidu- 

 ous. Stamens inserted on or with the corolla, not exceeding 

 the coroUine lobes, alternating, not adelphous ; anthers ovate, 

 bilocular, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen pow- 

 dery. Ovary adherent to the calyx. Stigmas not sessile. 

 Placenta not parietal. Albuvien present, large, enclosing the 

 embryo ; radicle to the hilum. 



2^. CoRNALEs. — Not lactescent ; leaves not dotted. Flowers 

 regular. Calycine divisions (if any) not fewer than 4, sepals 

 more or less connate. Dish developed. Petals inserted out- 

 side the disk, alternating with calycine divisions, more or less 

 valvate in testivation. Stamens not fewer than the petals. 

 Carpels 1 or more and connate, forming independent cells, 

 more or less adherent to the calyx (exc. Vitace^). Fruit bac- 

 cate or drupaceous or coriaceous (Hamamelaceas). Ovules 1 

 to each cell and pendulous, or 1 or 2 and basilar. Albumen 

 enclosing the embryo ; radicle to the hilum. 



Inclining to a temperate habitat. 



23. Geraniales. — Herbaceous or suffrutescent ; leaves not 

 dotted. Sej:es united. Calyx of 3-5 sepals or divisions, odd 

 division superior. Petals 3-5. Torus without a pericarpous 

 disk. Stamens not polyadelphous ; anthers bilocular. Carpels 

 3-5, forming independent cells in the bud, free from the ca- 

 lyx, gynobaseose, more or less distinct by the styles or below 

 (Limnanthaceas). Stigmas as many as the carpels. Ovules 

 attached to the suture or the inner angle. Inclining to a mild 

 habitat. 



24. CiSTALES. — Frutescent or herbaceous ; leaves usually 

 simple, undivided, petioles or short. Stipules (exc. Elati- 

 nacefe, Resedaceae, and some Cistaceas without amplexicaul pe- 

 tioles). Flotoers solitary or racemose or cymose. Sepals 3-6, 

 distinct or only shortly connate, odd sepal superior, in a broken 

 series or irregular or more or less imbricate, persistent (exc. 

 Krameria). Petals 3-6, hypogynous, more or less unguicu- 

 late or conniving at the base or irregular, not valvate. Sta- 

 mens 3 or upwards, hypogynous ; anthers innate or peltate 

 or immoveable. Carpels 2-6 (.^ 10 some Cistacca;), free from, 

 the calyx, connate to their summit (exc. Resedaceai) ; dissc- 



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