Characters of the Botanical Alliances. 417 



bryo near its base ; albuminous embryo relatively small, exal- 

 buminous embryo large or with thick cotyledons and highly 

 developed plumule ; embryo enclosed either in albumen or a 

 vitelline sac. 



Inclining to a mild habitat. 



27. Sarraceniales. — Not arboreous, not lactescent ; leaves 

 (if any) radical or alternate (exc. Clematideae), petioled ; sti- 

 pules (exc. some Ranunculaceae, some Aristolochiaceae). Ca- 

 lycine divisions 3-1 5, odd one superior. Having a corolla or co- 

 rolloid perianth ; petals (if any) not fewer than the calycine 

 divisions, alternating, unguiculate. Stamens not fewer than 

 the calycine divisions ; anthers adnate or sessile. Carpels form- 

 ing independent cells. Seeds or their embryo minute. Albumen 

 enclosing the embryo near the base ; embryo dicotyledonous 

 before or after germination. 



28. Alismales. — Aquatic or marsh plants, herbaceous. Pe- 

 rianth (if any) of 6 divisions, 3 or more petaloid. Stamens free 

 from the perianth where the germen is free ; anthers bilocular, 

 turned inwards. Stigmas not sessile. Seed-coat not black. 

 Embryo macropodal or with a scale-bearing plumule or in- 

 closed in albumen. 



29. AvENALEs. — Not epiphytic nor parasitic ; leaves nar- 

 row or pinnate or flabelliform, plaited in vernation or carinate; 

 petiole or midrib sheathing. Flowers not large. Outer series 

 of the perianth (if any) glumaceous or herbaceous, inner series 

 petaloid. Stamens free from the perianth or attached only to 

 the base. Carpels free from the perianth. Stigmas not sessile. 

 Ovules definite, or indefinite and parietal. Albumen large ; em- 

 bryo small, not axile. 



Inclining to a mild habitat. 



30. TvPHALEs. — Not lactescent, not bulbiferous ; roots not 

 calyptrate ; leaves not fistular. Injlorescence more or less spa- 

 diceous or spicate or uniflorous. Perianth (if any) of 1-7 di- 

 visions, not petaloid or not wholly so. Stamens (where there 

 is a perianth) definite and opy)osite the divisions, free from the 

 perianth (exc. some Orontiaceae). Carpels forming indepen- 

 dent cells, more or less free from the perianth. Ovules 1 or 2 

 or indefinite, basilar or suspended or at the inner suture of 

 the free or connate carpels. Albumen (if any) enclosing the 



