RED PINE OR NORWAY PINE. 1 59 



mature trees is immune to cold, though seed production may be 

 affected. 



The ground cover is a good indication of the soil quality and 

 the crop that it is best fitted by nature to produce. The 

 following plants are typical of the soil in which red pine were 

 making splendid growth : — 

 Ericaceae (Heath Family). 

 Pyrola chlorantha. 

 ,, americana. 

 „ elliptica (shin leaf). 

 „ secunda, 

 Moneses uniflora (one-flowered pyrola). 

 Gaultheria procu?nbens (winter green; checkerberry). 

 Chimaphila maculata (spotted evergreen). 



,, i/mbellata (prince's pine ; pipsissewa), 



Epigaea repens (trailing arbutus ; mayfiower). 

 Vaccinium (Blueberry). 



Vaccinium canadense. 

 Club-Mosses. 



Lycopodium obscunim (club moss ; three varieties ob- 

 served). 

 Mosses. 



Polytrichum commune and Hypnum. 

 RubiacejE (Madder Family). 



Mitcliella repens (partridgeberry). 

 Lilium (Lily Family). 



Polygonatum biflorum (Solomon's seal). 

 Maianthemum canadense (Canada mayfiower; false lily 

 of the valley). 

 Cornace^e (Dogwood Family). 



Cornus canadensis (bunchberry ; dwarf cornel). 

 Epipactis pubescens (rattlesnake plantain). 

 The wood of red pine is light (32 lbs.), strong, tough, straight 

 grained, easy to work, reddish in colour, rather like white pine 

 before seasoning ; after seasoning red pine is darker in appear- 

 ance, due to its having more resin in its make-up. 



There is a marked difference between the weight and quality 

 of lumber cut from young stands and from mature timber, due 

 to the percentage of sapwood in the former. Sargent gives the 

 specific gravity of dry wood as 0*485. The sapwood of young 

 trees has a specific gravity of 0*9, and the heartwood o - 6. 



The timber of red pine has wide uses ; from its uniform 



