REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. 23 1 



not to be subject to taxation for any purpose. Counties were 

 authorised to contribute to the objects of such associations. 



Various systems of State administration are in force. In 

 14 States supervision is by a Board of Forestry; in 6 by an 

 Agricultural Board ; in 10 by other Boards, such as the 

 Geological Survey or Commission, the Land Commission and 

 similar bodies. In 9 States there is a Single Commissioner; 

 in 15 the Board includes a technical representative, and in 

 29 States provision is made for the employment of an 

 Administrative Forest Officer who, in the majority of cases, 

 must have had a technical training as a forester. In 30 States 

 provision has been made for the management for forestry 

 purposes of lands held or to be acquired by the State. In 

 14 States the law authorises the acceptance of gifts of land for 

 forestry purposes, and in 19 land for this purpose may be 

 purchased. It might be added that in 22 States, spark arresters 

 on smoke stacks must be used on locomotives during the dry 

 season in forest regions, and in 14 States these devices must be 

 used on stationary engines and boilers. Suitable devices upon 

 fire-boxes and ashpans of locomotives are required in 16 States, 

 and upon other engines and boilers in 9 States. 



A considerable body of legislation regarding forestry has also 

 been passed by the National or Federal Government, having 

 its origin in the need for timber for the Navy ; but the first real 

 recognition of the importance of forestry investigation took 

 place in 1877. An Act passed in that year directed the 

 Commissioners of Agriculture to appoint a qualified person to 

 collect forestry statistics, and in 1881 this forestry work was 

 organised as the Forestry Division of the Department of 

 Agriculture. In 189 1 an Act was passed authorising the 

 President to establish forest reservations, and under this and 

 subsequent Acts immense areas have been set aside as National 

 Forests by successive Presidents. Another Act of great 

 importance was passed in 191 1, which authorised the expenditure 

 of large sums in the examination, survey, and acquisition of 

 lands located at the head-water of navigable streams or of 

 streams that were being developed for navigable purposes. 

 By this Act means were provided for the establishment of 

 National Forests in the Eastern States, and particularly in the 

 White Mountains and Appalachian regions where public lands 

 had been parted with and could now only be recovered for 

 forestry purposes by purchase. 



