84 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



old plants are taken with the ball from neighbouring forest-fields. 

 The planting distance was formerly 3 ft. 3 ins., but was subsequently 

 raised to 3 ft. 10 ins. and 4 ft. 2 ins. The holes are dug by men 

 and the planting is done by women. Some prepared soil is put 

 into the holes along with the trees. Broad-leaved and exotic 

 trees must be thoroughly protected against deer when young. 

 This can only be done by appropriate fencing. The spruce in 

 exposed places is now protected against browsing by deer 

 principally by putting tar on the leading shoot. 



The afforestation of the whole area will be completed in 1909. 



EXCURSION THROUGH THE SOUTHERN PART 

 OF THE EBERSBERGER PARK. 



1. After entering the park the way led through strip-sowings 

 made between 1893 and 1894, with 5-3 lbs. spruce, 26 lbs. larch, 

 and 2*6 lbs. birch-seed per acre. To the north lay an opened- 

 up (thinned-out) pine wood 98 years old, which was undergoing 

 regeneration. In the autumn the surplus larch and birch was 

 to be cleaned out of the young growth. On the left of the road 

 lay an 8-year-old spruce plantation, under a partly natural and 

 partly planted fore-growth of 16-year-old nurses. 



2. Next came a culture-brake enclosed by a primitive fence 

 against deer. The stock consisted of spruce (seedlings and 

 transplants under protective fore-growth of natural birch and 

 aspen), larch, pine, beech, ash, alder, and lime on the average six 

 years old. 



3. View of the western part of the Ebersberger Park. To the 

 south were seen young spruce woods already closed, also spruce 

 plantations under a protective growth of birch. These young 

 spruce plantations are interspersed with old pine woods, but on the 

 south and west they are surrounded by them. The northern part 

 of the deforested area is already almost completely re-afiforested. 



4. The way then led through a clearing between a 13- to 15- 

 year-old spruce plantation to a noteworthy object-lesson in 

 comparisons. 



To the east (Compartment XI., 10) lies a strip-sowing made 

 in 1895 (like Example i). This consists of spruce, larch, and 

 birch, and was "beat up" in the years 1902-1903. To the west 

 (Compartment XI., 11) occurs a spruce plantation made in 1893 

 and 1894 without the previous cultivation of nurses, and without 

 any admixture of birch. The planting distance was 3^ feet 



