NOTES AND QUERIES. IO9 



author calculates that for a factory producing 40 to 50 tons 

 of pulp a day, the available forest should measure 337,500 

 acres. 



In Canada there are always three separate departments in the 

 factory, each of which requires to be under the control of an 

 experienced manager. These are, the purchase of the wood, 

 its transport to the factory, and the process of manufacture. 

 In the first place the wood must be bought, and as the 

 chances against all the wood purchased reaching the factory 

 are considerable, the contracts have to allow a relatively large 

 margin. Thus in the case of the large factory of Chicutimi, 

 which makes 120 tons a day, a daily supply of 4600 logs 

 is required. The logs measure 13I feet in length, and vary 

 in diameter from 6 to 15 inches. Now to supply the annual 

 1,500,000 logs required, at least 2,000,000 must be cut, to allow 

 of loss in transit. In order that 2,000,000 logs may be cut, at 

 least 2,500,000 must be contracted for, as the cutting depends so 

 much upon the weather. Thus the contracts given must allow 

 of a possible loss of about 33 per cent. The greatest loss is in 

 transit. The logs are floated down stream with the spring floods, 

 but these last only a few weeks at most, sometimes only a few 

 days. It is thus a delicate and difficult matter to seize the 

 right moment, and if it is allowed to slip past, the logs may 

 remain in the streams till the following spring. 



The particular factory named has a large forest reserve, but 

 the contained wood is so carefully husbanded that it is reckoned 

 that it should not be called upon to supply more than one-third 

 of the necessary supply. The remaining two-thirds are obtained 

 from the farmers and settlers engaged in clearing new land. 

 The advantage of this to all parties is seen when it is recollected 

 that formerly the standing wood was simply burnt. Now it 

 supplies some of the capital necessary for turning the land to 

 agricultural uses. 



The author believes that with careful management the woods 

 of Canada are practically inexhaustible, though in the interests 

 of the Dominion it is desirable to discourage, as far as possible, 

 the export of wood to be pulped in the United States, instead of 

 in factories on the spot. This export of wood is rising steadily, 

 and was 850,000 cords in 1907. 



