lOO TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



manufacture to Quebec, and this, no doubt, is the chief purpose 

 of the legislation. It would seem to be natural that the mills 

 should be at the source of supply. 



One object of the Payne tariff, which imposes a duty of 

 ^6*io (^i, 4s. 5d.) a ton on pulp-wood shipped from Canadian 

 provinces which maintain prohibitions on export, was to force 

 modification or repeal of these provisions. Instead, Quebec 

 and New Brunswick are adopting the prohibitory policy to 

 which Ontario gave effect some years ago. At Laurentide, in 

 Quebec, there is an extensive plant for the manufacture of 

 paper, in which much American capital is invested. Naturally, 

 this and other paper mills in Canada favour the new policy, and 

 generally Canadian opinion opposes the export of pulp-wood, 

 nickel, and other raw materials of manufacture. The effect of 

 Quebec's action must be to increase prices of paper to American 

 consumers. 



In Canada, as in the United States, the conservation of 

 natural resources has become a chief object of public policy. 

 The adjoining country has been guilty of prodigal waste of its 

 natural resources. The example and the agitation fostered by 

 Mr Roosevelt have had effect in the Dominion. The Provinces 

 are conserving timber, introducing scientific forestry, guarding 

 wate*- powers, and asserting a more absolute ownership of 

 minerals, while a spirited national policy of conservation under 

 Mr Clifford Sifton has been inaugurated. 



Quebec will not only prohibit the export of pulp-wood but 

 will also increase the stumpage dues by 60 per cent., and raise 

 the ground-rent from ^3 to Ss P^r square mile. Ontario also 

 has under consideration a revision of the terms under which pine 

 limits put under lease many years ago are held by the lessees. 

 It is not unlikely that the question of contract rights in Quebec 

 pulp-wood limits may also be raised by the American holders. 

 It is understood that the prohibition on export will not come 

 into effect until ist May, so that wood cut during the last 

 winter and not yet delivered may be sent to its destination. 



Ontario Timber Dues. 



The Ontario Government has increased the dues on pine logs 

 from .^i to ^i'5o per 1000 board feet, on square timber from 

 ^20 to ^50 per 1000 cubic feet, and on hemlock by 25 cent, 

 per 1000 feet. The ground-rent, which was raised from ^2 to 



