CONTINENTAL NOTES — GERMANY. 20I 



noticed that the Ural pines, and those from the high elevation in 

 the south of France, had already begun their summer growth, but 

 that none of the others showed even a sign of the swelling of the 

 buds. Twenty-five plants of each type were measured and 

 weighed. The Scottish specimens, and those from the Ural, were 

 both the shortest and lightest. In September 1908, measurements 

 were again made of one hundred plants of each type, those of 

 Scottish, south of France and Ural origin being still the smallest. 

 The colouring of the leaves maintained the same difference, and 

 those of Eastern origin took a decided winter colouring, which 

 was less pronounced in those from the west, and absent in those 

 from Scotland and France. In the third year of their existence, 

 1909, the plants of Scottish extraction were still the smallest, and 

 this agrees with the observations made by Professor Fraser Story, 

 already published in the Transactions of the Royal Scottish 

 Arboricultural Society. 



In the fourth year, 19 10, the Scottish pines gained one place, 

 but their average length was still but 57 % of those of Hessian 

 origin. The Hessian, Belgian and Brandenburg plants are 

 stouter than those from other countries and stronger in leaf. 

 The winter colouring took place somewhat later, and was again 

 not discernible m those of French and Scottish type. 



Experience has shown that the few attempts at growing the plains 

 pine at higher elevations resulted in their destruction, but it is, 

 on the other hand, quite feasible to introduce the spruce-crowned 

 types into areas where no distinct morphological type exists, and 

 this has been done with success. The question naturally arises, 

 whether it would be advisable to introduce generally the northern 

 forms into such localities. Dr Kienitz is adverse to such 

 proposals because, in a mixed forest, they would be useless unless 

 they were constantly attended to, and in the formation of pure 

 pine forests they are not required, for with close planting and 

 frequent thinnings the sturdy pine can be grown into forests of 

 greater cubic content per hectare, though the number of trees 

 would be less. For it is by no means a fact that the straight 

 type is also the taller, on the contrary, evidence tends to prove 

 that, especially in the same locality, the sturdy type grows bigger 

 in all directions (compare the trees given in Figs. 1 1 and 1 2, and 

 even the splendidly shaped tree in Fig. 2, with the malformed 

 specimen in Fig. 15). In parts of the Lueneburg plain the trees 

 grown in pure pine forests reach the height of 42 metres (138 ft.). 



VOL. XXIV. PART. n. O 



