EXTINCT PHALANGERS. 259 
from the superficial deposits of Queensland. Among these, 
one fragment is regarded as belonging to a large extinct species 
of the existing genus Pseudochirus ; while a second is referred 
to an allied but extinct genus termed Archizcnurus ; and a 
third is assigned to Pha/anger. More interesting still are certain 
specimens believed to belong to a large animal allied to the 
living Koala, but, from certain supposed generic differences, 
named Coa/emizs. Far more satisfactory than the above-men- 
tioned fragmentary specimens, are the well preserved remains 
of the following genus, which indicates a distinct sub-family 
(Thylacoleontine) of the Phalangeride. 
GENUS THYLACOLEO. 
Thylacoleo, Owen, in Gervais’s Zool. et Pal. Francaises, rst 
ed., pt. i, p. 192 (1849-52). 
I. THYLACOLEO CARNIFEX. 
Thy lacoleo carmfex, Owen, Phil. Trans., 1859, p. 309 ; Lydek- 
ker, Cat. Foss. Mamm., Brit. Mus., pt. v., p. 189 (1887). 
The single representative of this genus was a gigantic 
animal allied to the Phalangers, but distinguished by the pecu- 
liarand specialised character of its dentition ; the skull measuring 
some eight or ten inches in length, and being remarkable for 
its breadth, rounded form, and general massiveness, and for the 
socket of the eye being completely surrounded by bone. 
There are altogether thirty-two teeth, the first pair of incisors 
in the upper jaw being of great size, and the canine and two 
anterior premolars small and functionless. In the lower jaw 
there is a similar large single pair of first incisor teeth, which 
are directed more upwardly than in existing members of the 
family ; behind these come two minute premolars, followed by 
an enormous cutting last premolar, which is of the same type 
as the corresponding tooth of the existing Rat-Kangaroos, 
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