Fev, 1906.] | FLORA OF PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA. 179 
majus, found in eultivated land. Carwm Carvi, cultivated. 
Sium Thunbergu, found about open ground. 
ARALIACEA.—Cussonia spicata and C. wmbellifera: 1 have 
found both these small trees within the coast-line. 
RupracE&.—Oldenlandia decumbens, O. cuffra, and 0. 
macrophylla are all found in the open bush country. 
Mussenda arcuata, a climbing shrub overgrowing the low 
trees and bushes. Randia dumetorum: this spinous shrub 
has a wide range. I last collected it in India and Ceylon. 
Gardenia Thunbergri, shrubby tree; the elephants eat the 
fruit. Gardenia citriodora, small shrub; the berries are used 
extensively by the natives as coffee. Gardenia Gerrardiana 
is not uncommon. Oxzyanthus latifolius, not common. 
Tricalysis Sanderiana, a small glossy shrub, not very 
common. Pentanisia variabilis, only found in a few places. 
Vangueria imfausta, small tree; fruit eaten by the natives. 
Vangueria edulis appears to be the other species found on 
the island; fruit edible. Fadogia lasiantha, a glabrous 
shrub, with edible truit. Pavetta Gerrardi and P. lanceolata 
are the only two I find within this coast-line and islands. 
Spermacoce stricta, a common weed. Lichardia seabra, rather 
abundant in some places. Mitracarpum scabrum, not very 
common. ubia cordifolia, a creeping herb, abundant. 
Composit#.— As in other parts of the world, this is the 
largest natural order of plants in Africa. thulia eonyzordes, 
a branched shrub, general within the coast-line. Vernonia, 
a very large genus, and many of the species show a good 
effect when rambling over the trees and bushes. There are 
about eighty species enumerated, and it is quite a study 
to describe all those that can be seen on a day’s march. 
Vernonia Kraussii, V. natalensis, V. corymbosa, V. Dregeana, 
and V. angulifolia have all been found near the coast. 
Adenostemma viscosum, common weed. Ageratwim conyzoides : 
I suppose this is one of the most common weeds of the 
tropics, appearing in cultivated lands. The plantations in 
Southern India, Ceylon, ete., are overrun with this plant. 
Mikania scandens, a rambling shrub. rigeron canadense, 
not uncommon, Nidorella auriculata, one of the common 
plants covering the sandy waste ground by the seashore. 
Nidorella linifolia, also abundant. Conyzuw incisa and C. 
iwefolia appear to be the species on the coast. Llumea 
