Mar. 191!.] | BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 151 
marsh meadow” the species are few. Besides the domin- 
ating Agrostis or Nardus and the sub-dominant Carex 
panicea and C. glauca, the following are common: Molinia 
eerulea, Plantago maritima, Trioidia decumbens, Leon- 
todon autumnale, Bellis perennis, Prunella vulgaris, 
Euphrasia officinalis, Scabiosa succisa, Parnassia palustris, 
Anagallis tenella, Carex pulicaris, Viola palustris, and 
orchids. These are mostly prostrate, stunted, or rosette 
forms, in keeping with the short sward of the association. 
They may be analysed into plants of poor marsh-meadow 
and of poor pasture. 
(3) In the more luxuriant marsh-meadow there are two 
types which present a very different aspect—a wetter type, 
which is usually mowed regularly, and has, im consequence, 
a close, regular growth of Glumiflore, with few tall herbs; 
and a drier type, diversified by many tall plants, many 
of them with showy flowers. 
The important grasses are—Agrostis alba, A. vulgaris, 
Holeus lanatus, Aira cespitosa, Anthoxanthum odoratum, 
Nardus stricta, Cynosurus cristatus. Others are occasion- 
ally present—Poa pratensis, Trioidia decumbens, Digraphis 
arundinacea. The dominant species are Agrostis albu, A. 
vulgaris, Holeus, or Nardus. Sub-dominant are usually 
sedges Carex vulgaris, C. flava, and C. pulicaris. 
Accessory Plunts—Some are fairly characteristic of the 
formation — Spirea ulmaria, Angelica sylvestris, Rhin- 
anthus Crista - galli, Senecio aquaticus, Geum rivale, 
Seabiosa suecisa, Achillea ptarmica, A. millefolium, 
Sagina nodosa. There are also marsh plants—many species 
of Carex, Juncus articulatus (agg.), J. conglomeratus, Equi- 
setum palustre, Ranunculus flammula, Carduus palustris, 
Potentilla comarum, ete.; and pasture plants—Trifolium 
repens, T. pratense, Lathyrus pratensis, Prunella vulgaris, 
Plantago lanceolata, Primula vulgaris, ete. 
The chief mosses are Hypnez. See examples for further 
species. 
Associations of Marsh-Meadow and Wet Pasture. 
The tufted types described are peculiar in their mode of 
occurrence, but may be described as associations. Else- 
where the grass which usually dominates is some species of 
