Mar. 1911.] | BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 161 
Trioidia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Ranunculus acris, Senecio aquaticus, 
Triglochin palustre, Pedicularis palustris, Leontodon autumnale, Caltha 
palustris, Anagallis tenella, Scabiosa snecisa, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Prunella 
vulgaris, Luzula campestris. 
(2) Ditches with Glyceria aquatica and Iris. 
(3) Tableland of peat with Calluna dominating. Nardusand Agrostis 
sub-dominant. 
(4) South side. Tussocking poor marsh-meadow, with Nardus on tufts. 
Glaucous sedges and Molinia, etc., between. 
5. Meadow near Orquil, St Ola.—Ditched. MHoleus and Nardus 
dominate. Carex, chiefly flava. Also C. glauca, Juncus communis, 
Agrostis, Trifoliwm repens, Juncus squarrosus, Equisetum palustre, 
Caltha palustris, Cnicus palustris, Pedicularis palustris, Scabiosa succisa, 
Senecio aquaticus, Leontodon autumnale, Achillea ptarmica, Ranunculus 
flammula, R. acris, Potentilla anserina, Rhinanthus Crista-galli, Comarum, 
Spirzea, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Luzula campestris. 
Other Carices, Juncus articulatus, etc., appear in the transition to the 
marshy depressions. 
6. Flotay, Birsay—In some parts a lumpy surface, with Nardus on 
the hummocks. Glaucous association of poor marsh between. Nardus, 
accompanied by Viola palustris, Prunella, etc. 
7. Hillside south of Finstown.—The general surface of grassy heath 
is interrupted by green strips of short cropped pasture running down 
the hillside. Agrostis apparently dominates (no inflorescences). A 
large amount of Leontodon autumnale. Sometimes glaucous sedges, but 
no heath plants. These strips appear to be due to gentle springs giving 
a moist, non-acid soil. 
8. (a) Juncus pastures near Scapa.— Once cultivated. Drained. 
Firm, level surface, dry in summer, but may be flooded after heavy 
rains in winter. 
Juncus in tufts, but in places occupies greater part of surface. On 
firmer ground spiral variety of Rush dominates. Between the tufts 
glaucous sedges may dominate in parts, with a few grasses, Holcus and 
Cynosurus chiefly. Seneciv aquaticus is common and the usual plants 
of marsh-meadow. 
In other places there is a Carex vulgaris marsh between the Juncus 
tufts. 
In others grasses dominate, especially Holcus lanatus and Agrostis 
stolonifera. There is an undergrowth of Hypnaceze everywhere. 
(6) Permanent pasture on adjoining hillside—Juncus tufts extend up 
wet parts, with intervening Cynosurus or Holeus, etc., dominating. 
9. Wet springy valley in heather moorland, Holm Hills. 
Vegetation.—Wet heathy pasture with much Juncus. No individual 
plant distinctly dominates over any wide area. Juncus communis is 
most prominent in some places, Azra cespitesa in others, and Calluna 
in others, this only of local occurrence. The following also struggie for 
supremacy: Nardus stricta, Agrostis alba, A. vulgaris, Carex pulicarts, 
C. flava. 
Other grasses, especially Holeus lanatus, and other sedges, especially 
C. glauca, also occur. Present also: Scabiosa, Potentilla tormentilla, 
Senecio aquaticus, Trifolium repens, etc. 
A dense undergrowth of Hypnee and locally of Sphagnum. 
The Juncus is here fairly evenly distributed and not so tufted as on 
firmer ground. 
10. Stream-side, Durkadale, Birsay.—Stream flows in deep channel 
through valley. Succession of vegetation from stream-side :— 
(1) Willows on stream bank. 
(2) Strip of dry pasture. 
