Mar. 1911. ] 
BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF 
EDINBURGH 
163 
[| W1.| IE. IV.| V. | VI.) VIL | Total. 
| Cynosurus | 16 | 24 | 60 | 0 100, 10 6 | 216 
| Agrostis 40/40} 16 0 | 0/ 29 100} 225 
| Holeus . 6 | 2 8 | 0 | 12)) 3| 40 
Anthoxanthum 20 | 14 | 20 lo @| O'|? 60) ‘114 
| Festuca ovina (vivip.) Sa On| BAO Ny Onis Oly a0 | 0 5 
This shows how uneven the distribution of the various species is. 
Other plants: Bellis perennis (very numerous locally), Leontodon 
autumnale, Euphrasia officinalis (agg.), Trifolium repens (local), Aira 
preecox, Calluna vulgaris, Sagina procumbens, Luzula pratensis, Plan- 
tago lanceolata, Prunella vulgaris, Hypocheris radicata, Potentilla 
tormentilla, Pedicularis sylvatica, Rhinanthus Crista-galli, Rumex aceto- 
sella, Gnaphalium sylvaticum, Lotus corniculatus, Thymus serpyllum, 
It will be seen that there are many heath plants. 
Agrostis vulgaris, var. pumila, infested by smut, is very characteristic 
and common on this type of pasture. 
ii. Newtral. 
16. Steep grassy slopes near Scapa pier.—Red sandstone. 
In places Holcus lanatus dominant, with tufts of Aira ceespitosa. 
In other places Cynosurus-Agrostis association, 
Both species of Agrostis are present, and also Anthoxanthum, Trioidia 
decumbens, Poa pratensis, and Arrenathrum in small quantity. Other 
plants: Plantago lanceolata, P. maritima, Lathyrus pratensis, Angelica 
sylvestris, Spireea ulmaria, Trifolium pratense, Primula vulgaris, Senecio 
aquaticus, Cnicus palustris, Scabiosa succisa, Trifolium repens, Lotus 
corniculatus, Thymus serpyllum, Erica cinerea, Anthyllis vulneraria, 
Linum catharticum, Calluna vulgaris, Hypericum pulchrum, Rhinan- 
thus Crista-galli, Polygala vulgaris, Viola sylvatica, Carex glauca. 
17. (a) Walled fields near Kirkwall.—Moist natural pasture. 
Poa pratensis dominant, with Agrostis, Cynosurus, Lolium, Phleum, 
Alopecurus, Holcus, etc. Ranunculus acris and Bellis abundant. Tri- 
folium repens often dominant. 
(b) Ground much trodden by hens. Bellis perennis and Plantago 
major are dominant. Rumex obtusifolius also present. 
Examples would have to be greatly multiplied to illustrate the 
diversity of neutral pasture or to add to the general description of dry 
pasture given above. 
