74 Dr Paterson on the Temperature of 



immediate neighbourhood of Edinburgh. When the brewery 

 at Meadowbank (the place to which we refer) was erected, 

 a well was sunk to about forty feet from the surface, for the 

 purpose of supplying the establishment with water ; in conse- 

 quence, however, of the supply proving deficient, the proprie- 

 tors were recommended to sink a bore from the bottom of the 

 well. This was accordingly done through different coloured 

 clays, sands, and very thin strata of fragile sandstone, to the 

 depth of 119 feet, till they reached a considerably thicker and 

 firmer stratum of sandstone, from which the water filled the 

 bore and gushed over its edges. The supply has since conti- 

 nued, and proves amply sufiicient for the great consumption 

 of the brewery. 



The well into which the water of this bore is allowed to en- 

 ter is soon filled, in consequence of the large quantity of water 

 emitted by the artesian spring. It will, therefore, be obvious 

 that opportunities of testing the temperature of water, at the 

 mouth of the bore itself, do not often occur. Through the 

 kindness of Mr Aitken, however, I was enabled to do this, 

 and found the temperature of the water to be 49^°, and which 

 temperature, of course, would have been the same had it come 

 to the top of the well. This well, as we have already stated, 

 is 40 feet deep, therefore the temperatm-e of this water was 

 that of the rock 159 feet below the surface. 



The temperature of this spring is now to be compared with 

 the mean^f the district. It is situated at the base of Arthur's 

 Seat, on the north side, but where no thermometric observa- 

 tions have been made on the mean temperature of the locality. 

 We may, therefore, I think, very safely consider it as interme- 

 diate between that of Leith and Edinbm-gh, viz. 46^°, which 

 gives us an increase of 3° of the spring over the mean of the 

 district. 



Experiments were also made in, or in the immediate neigh- 

 bourhood of, the Carse of Falku'k, a very level and low lying 

 tract of land in Stirlingshire, and in the immediately adjoining 

 portion of Clackmannanshire. This Carse presents itself in 

 the form of an oblong amphitheatre, which is traversed by the 

 river Carron, and bounded on the north and east sides by the 

 Forth. 



It is composed chiefly of rocks of the coal formation, and 



