356 M. Floui'ens on the Natural History of Man. 



Diemen's Land, in om- museum, was found constant, it would 

 be sufficient to indicate a variety in the type of the Papuans. 



Finally, the last of the types which I propose, the Zealandic, 

 is marked by the height and narrowness of the cranium, espe- 

 cially in front, by the extent of the temporal fossa, by the an- 

 terior prominence of the apophysis of the chin, &c. 



All these types are only founded on secondary characters ; 

 and, consequently, they have not the importance of the tlu'ee 

 primitive races, founded, as we have seen, on the characters 

 of structure. It follows also, from the circumstance of the 

 characters which constitute them being only secondary, that 

 many of these types ought to enter as sub-races, either into 

 one of the three primitive races already established, or into 

 some other of those races which may hereafter be established. 



However this may be, I have made use, in my lectures, of 

 these types, provisionally admitted to refer to fixed and deter- 

 minate gi'oups, the observations which have been collected 

 concerning different people by travelling naturalists, such as 

 Forster, Bougainville, Peron, &c., and more recently, Lesson, 

 Quoy, Gaimard, Garnot, &c. 



Besides, to these characters, drawn from the cranium and 

 the face, all those other characters, the union of which con- 

 stitutes their force, are to be added : — the colour of the hair, 

 the prominence of the lips, the opening of the eyes, &c., and 

 even the habits of those savage tribes which may be regarded 

 as primitive, and consequently as a more immediate effect of 

 their organization itself. I do not speak here of the charac- 

 ters drawm from the languages, characters of a very elevated 

 order, but the development of which we must derive from 

 another science. 



Our business here is to establish anatomical characters. I 

 have proposed, therefore, in my lectures, three principal ob- 

 jects : — ^the first, to seek anatomical characters which distin- 

 guish the human races from each other ; the second, to follow 

 the modifications which these characters experience in the 

 :*iliations of these races, from the jn-imitive race to the sub- 

 race, and from the sub-race to the tribes and families derived 

 from it; and the thii'd, to go back to the pai'ticular laws 

 which preside over the distribution of the particular branches 



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