List of Scottish Patents 437 



insulated, new objects for what at first seemed destitute of 

 utility." He lias, moreover, frequently supplied links, where 

 such were wanting, particularly in the department of vege- 

 table physiology. The analogies between the vegetable and 

 the animal kingdoms are pursued as far as they can be fairly 

 traced at the moment ; and it is shewn that the study of each 

 is capable of throwing valuable light on difficult points in the 

 phenomena of the other. The following is a general account 

 of the contents of the volume. The introduction contains an 

 account of organised structures in general, of the elementary 

 tissues of plants and animals, and of the principal natural di- 

 visions of the two organised kingdoms. The first book is de- 

 voted to general physiology, and contains an exposition of the 

 essential phenomena of life, and the laws by which they ap- 

 pear to be regulated. In the second book, under the head of 

 special physiology, these phenomena are considered more in 

 detail, and distributed according to their fimctional character. 

 Each function, with the organs which perform it, is traced 

 through its various manifestations in plants and animals, from 

 the lowest to the highest of each scale ; and its various forms 

 are contrasted with the transitory conditions it passes through 

 in the development of the highest of each kingdom. We may 

 add, that the beautiful plates add much to the value of the work. 

 ^Ve under:=tand that it is the author's intention to bring out 

 before long a companion volume, more particularly devoted 

 to Natural Historv. 



List of Patents granted for Scotland from 25th June to 11 th 

 September 1839. 



1. To RicHAUD BiiARD of Egiemont Place, New Road, in the county of 

 MiddJpsex, gentleman, in consequence of a, communication from a foreigner 

 residing abroad, for an invention of" improvements in printing calicoes and 

 otiier fabrics." — 25tli June 1839. 



•2. To John S.mam. of Old Jo-vvi-y, in the city of London, merchant, in 

 'onscriuencc of a communication from a certain foreigner residing r.broad, for 

 an invention of " improvements in tiie numufacture of thread, or vani and 

 paper, by the application of certain fibrous materials not hitherto so em- 

 ployed."— 2Ctli June 183!>. 



:{. 'J'o Jamks Li:ks of Salem, near Oldhan, in the county of Lancaster, 

 cotton spinner, for an invention of " an improvement in the machin(iry for 

 spinning, twisting, and doubling cotton, silk, wool, hemp, flax, and other 

 fibrous materials."— ad Julv 1H:J9. 



