32 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOITISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



seedlings, the lifting and sizing of them will increase the 

 expenditure by ^'i, 5s., and for contingencies it will be safe to 

 allow ^i. The total cost, therefore, of 25,000 2 year seedlings 

 should not be more that ;{^g, which amount is equivalent to 

 just about 7s. per 1000. If the seedlings are to be lined out 

 they will occupy about one -seventeenth of an acre. If 

 they are left in the lines for two years the expenditure on 

 preparation of ground, transplanting, weeding, lifting and sizing, 

 ought not to exceed ^4. There may be losses in the plants 

 of from 10 to 20 per cent., but taking one year with another 

 there should be at least 20,000 (probably 25,000) healthy plants 

 ready for the hill at an overhead cost of ;^i3, or 13s. per 1000. 

 In this calculation no value is included for the ground or for 

 fencing, necessary or not as the case may be, but if an addition 

 of 2S. per 1000 is added to the cost of 13s., making 15s. in 

 all, that should be enough to meet all outgoings over a 

 succession of years. 



During recent years those who have studied the subject, and 

 upon whose advice reliance may be placed, have come to the 

 conclusion that it is not everywhere necessary to use transplants, 

 and there are large areas where 2-year seedlings will suffice. 

 Where this is possible, usually on ground where the herbage is 

 not heavy and strong, the seedling plants will be available for 

 the hill at 7s. per 1000 and transplants at 15s. per 1000. It 

 has been further proved that it is not silviculturally sound to 

 space the young trees at the close distances hitherto customary, 

 but that they may be placed at from 4^ to 6 feet apart or in 

 some cases more widely, and making allowance for the different 

 species to be planted, it should generally be sufficient if 2000 

 plants are produced for each acre, i.e. for both planting and 

 for beating up when this is necessary.^ 



Preparation of Planting Ground. 



The preparation of the planting ground is important, but 

 excluding the treatment of exploited areas covered with branches 

 and debris, provision for the removal of which should have been 

 made when the exploited crop was felled, any planting ground 



