COMPENDIUM OF GENEEIC DISTINCTIONS. 



773 



Oenuft. Strepera. — Bill, keel rounded and elevated at 

 liase. Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest, first very- 

 short. Tail scjuared. Habitat — Australia, 



Suh-family. Garrulinae. — BUI moderate, compressed, 

 keel suddenly cui-ved at tip. Wings moderate, rounded. 

 Tail various. Tarsi moderate, strongly scaled, toes long. 



Oemts. Garrulus. — Bill not so long as head ; nostrils 

 hidden by plumes. Wings, fourth, fifth, and sixth quills 

 longest. Tail nearly even. Outer toe longer than inner ; 

 hind toe long and strong. Habitat — Old World. 



Genus. Cyakocorax. — Bill shghtly compressed, nostrils 

 jiartly hidden by plumes. Wings, fourth to sixth quills 

 longest. Tail long and rounded. Habitat — New World. 



Genus. CisSA. — Bill large, keel elevated, tip hooked, 

 sides much compressed ; nostrils partly covered nnth plvimes. 

 Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest. Tail long and gra- 

 duated. Outer toe httle longer than inner. Habitat — 

 India and Archij^elago. 



Suh-fainihj. Calleatinae. — Bill short, much cui-ved above, 

 sides compressed. Wings short and rounded. Tail long 

 and graduated. Tai-si broailly scaled in front. 



Genvs. Temnurcs. — Bill, nostrils small, rounded, hidden 

 by plumes and bristles. AVings, fourth to sixth quills 

 longest. Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat — India. 



Genvs. Crypsikhina. — Bill, tip notched, base and nos- 

 trils hidden by plumes. Wings, fifth and sixth quills 

 longest. Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat — India. 



Suh-family. Corvinae. — Bill, base broad, rather curved 

 above. Wings long and rounded. Tail various. Tarsi 

 broadly scaled in front. Toes moderate, strong ; two exte- 

 rior equal. 



Genus. Nucifraga. — BUI long, nostrils at sides of base, 

 and covered by bristles. Wings, fourth and fifth quills 

 longest. Tail moderate, rounded on sides. Toes long, 

 strong, and broadly scaled. Habitat — Europe and Asia. 



Genvs. Pica. — Bill long, tip slightly hooked ; nostrils 

 rounded and hidden by bristles. Wings, fourth and fifth 

 quills longest, first very short. Tail long and graduated. 

 Tai-si long, toes short and strong. Habitat — Old World and 

 North America. 



Gemts. CORVUS. — Bill strong and mostly long ; nostrils 

 covered by bristly plumes, except when forehead bare. 

 Wings long and pointed, third and fourth quUls longest. 

 Habitat — Most parts of world. 



Gerncs. Picathartes. — Bill rather flattened ; nostrils in 

 large membi-anous groove and exposed, upper part of head 

 and cheeks hare. Wings, sixth and seventh quills longest. 

 Tail, very long and rounded. Tarsi long and slender. 

 Habitat — Africa. 



Suh-family. Gymnodeiinae. — Bill straight, rather flat- 

 tened, sides compressed to tip ; nostrils in membranous 

 groove. Wings long and pointed. TaU moderate and 

 rounded. Tarsi long, transversely scaled. Toes long, outer 

 nearly equal to middle ; claws long, curved, and sharp. 



Genus. Gymnoderus. — Bill rather short, broad at base, 

 groove of nostrils clothed with down. Wings, third to fifth 

 quills longest. Tail even. Sides of neck bare, head and 

 front of neck scantUy clothed with down. Habitat — 

 Guiana, &c. 



Genvs. Cephalopterus. — Bill long, opening of nostrils 

 large. Male with large overhanging crest on head, breast 

 bare with pendulous pencU of plumes. Wings, third quiU 

 longest. Habitat — BrazU. 



Svh-famitif. Pyrrhocoracinae. — Bill long, slender, curved ; 

 nostrils hidden by broad plumes. Wings long and pointed. 

 TaU long. 



Genus. CORACIA. — Wings, fourth quill longest. Tail 

 moderate, nearly equal. Tarsi short, broadly scaled in 

 front, exterior toes nearly equal. Habitat — Europe and 

 Asia. 



Family. PAEADISElD.ffi.— Bill long, strong, curved 

 above ; nostrils hidden by short plumes. Wings long and 

 roimded. Tarsi with single long scale. Outer toe longer 

 than inner, united to middle at base, hind toe very long, 

 claws long and cur^'ed. 



Genus. Paradisea. — BUI, sides compressed to tip. 

 Wings, fourth to seventh quUls longest. TaU long and 

 broad. Tai-si rather long. Sides of neck, breast, body, taU, 

 and sometimes head with long drooping feathei^. Habitat — 

 New Guinea. 



Family. STTTRNID^.— BiU, sides compressed. Wmgs 

 long and pointed. Tail rather long. Tarsi strong and broadly 

 scaled in fi-ont. Toes long and strong, hind toe very long. 



Sub-family. Ptilonorhyiicliuiae. — BUI moderate ; upper 

 mandible scooped at tip. 



Gemis. Ptilonorhynchus. — Bill, nostrils sunken, large, 

 nearly covered by plumes. Wings, fourth and fifth quills 

 longest, three first graduated. TaU short, even. Outer toe 

 longer than inner. Habitat — Austrafia. 



Gemis. Chlamydera. — BUI, nostrils rounded, exposed, 

 in a membrane. Wings, third and fourth quills longest, 

 first two imequal. TaU long and rounded. Habitat — Aus- 

 tralia. 



Gemis. Astrapia. — BiU, sides much compressed ; nos- 

 trils sunken, partly hidden by plumes. Wings, third and 

 fourth (?) quills longest. TaU very long, and deeply gra- 

 duated. Habitat — New Guinea. 



Suh-family. Graculinse. — BiU broad at base, much com- 

 pressed, slightly curved above ; nostiils exposed. Wmgs 

 long, first quiU .short, third and fourth longest. Tail short. 

 Tarsi short. Toes long. 



Gemis. Gracula- — BUI long. Wings, first quiU nidi- 

 mental. TaU various. Tarsi strong, hand toe very long. 

 Parts of head bare. Habitat — India, New Guinea. 



Suh-famibj. Buphaginae. — BiU moderate, broad, slightly 

 flattened above ; nostrils partly closed by membrane. Tail 

 long, graduated, each feather pomted. Tarsi short and 

 strong. Toes moderate. 



Genus. Buphaga. — Bill, sides of lower mandible very 

 broad, projecting under eyes. Wings, third quill longest. 

 Habitat — Africa. 



Sub-family. Stummae. — Bill, tip rather blunt and flat- 

 tened ; nostrUs in membranous groove. Tail short. Tarsi 

 long. Toes long and strong. 



Genvs. Pastor. — Bill, groove of nostrils clothed with 

 short feathers. Wings, second quill longest, fii-st spuriovis. 

 TaU even. Tai"si transversely scaled. Habitat — Asia, Africa, 

 and temperate Europe. 



Genus. Sturnus. — BiU sharp, straight, and conical groove 

 of nostrils feathered. Wings, second quiU longest, third 

 nearly as long, first spurious. Habitat —Most parts of 

 world. 



Sub-family. Qtuscalinse. — BUI long, slightly curved at 

 tip ; nostrils in triangular gi-oove. Tail long and graduated. 

 Hind toe long. 



Genus. QuiSCALUS. — Bill, upper mandible overhanging 

 lower ; nostrUs oval, partly closed by membrane. Wings, 

 second to fourth quiils lungest. TaU, sides turaed up. 

 Habitat — North America. 



Subfamily. Icterinae. — BUI rather long. Tail long. 

 Tarsi moderate and broadly scaled. Toes moderate and 

 strong. 



Gemts. Cacicus. — Bill advancing in crescent on fore- 

 head, sides compressed, tip sharp ; nostrils oval, pierced in 

 bUl. Wings, third and fourth qiuUs longest. TaU graduated. 

 Habitat— Tropical America. 



Genus. Xanthornis. — BiU arched, upper mandible ad- 

 vancing in point on forehead ; nostrils covered with mem- 

 brane. Wings, third and fourth qulUs longest, second nearly 

 as long. T^ wedge-shaped. Habitat — America and West 

 Indies. 



Genus. Yphantes. — BiU, upper mandible advancing in 

 point on forehead ; nostrils oval, covered with membrane. 

 Wings, second and third quills longest, first nearly equal. 

 TaU squared. Habitat — North America. 



Subfamily. Agelainae. — BUI very conical, flattened above. 

 Tarsi long as middle toe. Toes long, slender, outer united 

 at base to middle. 



