19 



This species has a wide range, occurring throughout the country 

 from Maine and Massachusetts to Illinois and Missouri, and Florida 

 and Texas. 



LIFE HISTORY. 



Prof. Comstock believes this leaf-roller to be at least three-brooded, 

 the larvEe of the first brood occurring in May, of the second, in June, 

 and of the third, in August. 



Larva? collected by him May 13 pupated in part on the 19th and 

 emerged as moths from the 19th of May to the 3d of June. Those 

 collected June 20 pupated July 1 and emerged July 5-14 ; and those 

 taken August 15 pupated September 1 and emerged September 1-16. 

 Later larvae were found October 21. 



In Maine, larvip collected by Packard the first week in August 

 pupated August 7 and transformed to the imago August 16 and 17. 



In Illinois there seem also to be several broods, as indicated by 

 the following facts from our breedmg-cage records, but it is not pos- 

 sible to fix their number or to assign them limitations of time. 



Larvse collected May 17, this year, began to pupate on the cOth 

 and to emerge June 7. Those obtained May 23 pupated June 11-21 

 and commenced to emerge June 19. Others taken June 7 emerged 

 June 26-28. Those pupating July 6 emerged July 11, (Coquillet), 

 and those taken August 18 pupated on the 20th and completed their 

 transformations on the 31st of the same month. 



Hence, without actually breeding from the egg, we can only say 

 that the insect breeds all summer and that it apparently hibernates 

 in the larval stage, as indicated by the late date of Prof. Comstock's 

 larvae, mentioned above. 



INJURIES TO VEGETATION. 



This species has been repeatedly bred by us from corn, during 

 the present year, the larvae being found in May and June 

 folding the young leaves of the plant from side to side and feeding 

 within the cylindrical case thus formed. 



By Prof. Comstock it was reported injurious to clover, both white 

 and red, near Washington, folding the leaflets into a kind of tube 

 by drawing the edges together with silken threads spun for the pur- 

 pose. "Sometimes," he says, "they spin two leaflets loosely to- 

 gether, or to the flower head when they are nearly full grown. They 

 issue from either end of this tube, and feed upon the surrounding 

 foliage, of which, when the larvae are young, they eat only the 

 under surface, leaving the veins and the epidermis of the upper 

 side intact, but when nearly full grown they eat irregular holes 

 through the surrounding leaflets and flower heads. 



These larvae are very active when disturbed, and wriggle from 

 their tubes, suspending themselves by a single thread, by which 

 they can let themselves down to to the ground, and if further dis- 

 turbed, they wriggle about with great energy." 



