36 



caught on one tree during the season amounted to a thousand. Trees, 

 which formerly had nearly all their fruit destroyed, were, under this 

 treatment, bearing very fair crops. A complete extermination could 

 not be expected, while the neighboring fruit-growers took' no precau- 

 tion against the insect. Dr. Trimble applies two belts or bandages, 

 one of them two or three feet high and the other higher. He thinks 

 that the worms under the higher belt descend the tree before the fruit 

 drops, and those under the lower crawl up from the fallen fruit on 

 the ground." 



It must not be supposed that, because this insect has swarmed so 

 prodigiously in 1867, therefore it will necessarily be as numerous, or 

 even still more numerous, in 1868. In 1865 it abounded near Rock 

 Island and elsewhere; yet in 1866, in the same localities, it was very 

 scarce and did no appreciable damage. In 1867, on the contrary, I 

 can hear of but two States — Kansas and West Virginia — in the north- 

 ern half of the Union, where it has not been more ruinously destruc- 

 tive than was ever known before. 



The Pear, being so closely allied to the Apple, has, as we should 

 naturally anticipate, been extensively attacked by the Apple-worm in 

 1867. Harris merely observes that ''the worms, often found in sum- 

 mer pears, appear to be the same as those that infest apples." But, 

 from a lot of infested pears sent me from Philadelphia, under the 

 idea that they contained a peculiar species, I have myself bred the 

 veritable Codling Moth ; and before I had bred it, I assured my cor- 

 respondent that the larva was identical with that of the Codling Moth. 

 Mr. Parker Earle, President of the Fruit-growers' Association of 

 Southern Illinois, informs us in his Annual Address to that Society 

 in 1867, that "in many sections of country nine-tenths of the pears 

 are reported as ruined by the Codling Moth in 1867." 



CHAPTER VI. — The Apple Maggot Fly. (Trypeta pomonella, Walsh.) 



Fig. 2. 



In Illinois the fruit of the apple-tree is at present bored up only 

 by the Apple- worm, in the Natural History of which we have just 

 been investigating some few points. In Massachusetts, in Con- 

 necticut, in New York, and probably in Vermont also, it has for the 

 last few years been troubled, in addition, by a still more destructive 

 pest, popularly known as "the Apple-maggot." The Apple- worm is 

 an imported species, probably introduced into the Eastern States from 

 Europe about the commencement of the present centur}^, and has only 

 penetrated into Illinois within the last ten or fifteen years. Tlie 

 Apple-maggot, on the contrary, is a native- American species, which 



