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sects in Minnesota in the following year, 1857, was done by a fresh 

 swarm descending from the Kocky Mountains, or by the individuals 

 that hatched out from the eggs deposited in the earth by the swarm 

 of 1856, is left uncertain. But I incline to believe in the latter 

 alternative, because it seems improbable that, for two successive years, 

 two successive swarms of Grasshoppers descending from the Eocky 

 Mountains, should have been deflected so unusually far to the north 

 of their customary line of flight as Anoka Co., in Minnesota. Be- 

 sides, I see that W. E. Watt, of Minnesota, says that "the year after 

 the Grasshoppers invaded Minnesota they did but little harm," thus 

 evidently implying that there were not two successive years of inva- 

 sion. (N. Y. Sem. Trihune, Feb. 1, 1867.) 



Eight years afterwards, or A. D. 1864, there seems to have been 

 another Grasshopper invasion of Minnesota, but only over a com- 

 paratively small region of country, and probably by some species dis- 

 tinct from the true Hateful Grasshopper. At all events, instead of 

 appearing in September, they appeared in July; whereas, as Minne- 

 sota lies to the north of the districts usually invaded by the Hateful 

 Grasshopper, we should expect that species to appear, if anything, 

 rather later instead of considerably earlier than it always appears in 

 more southerly latitudes. To whatever species these Grasshoppers 

 belonged, they seem to have laid eggs, which hatched out the next 

 spring in the invaded district, as the following extracts show : 



"Minnesota, July 19, 1864. — A correspondent of the St. Paul 

 Press speaks very alarmingly of the great Grasshopper raid now in 

 progress down the Minnesota valley. They take every green thing 

 in their course. We have no later news of the pests." — Prairie 

 Farmer, Aug. 6, 1864. 



"Fort Ridgely, {on the Minnesota River) Minnesota, May 24t:, 

 1865. — Our bright prospects are blighted by the belief that the crops 

 will be destroyed by the ravages of the Grasshoppers. In many lo- 

 calities, the ground is completely covered with these little insects, 

 and as small as they necessarily are at this early day, they have 

 begun their work of destruction. I have seen small fields entirely 

 ruined by them. Last spring (summer?) large armies of Grass- 

 hoppers started down from a point west and northwest of this, near 

 the British Possessions, and in the autumn the frost found them in 

 this section of country." — Ibid., June 3, 1865. 



Whether the following extract refers to the winged grasshopper;^ 

 developed in 1865, from the eggs laid in the Minnesota Valley in 

 the summer and autumn of 1864, or to a fresh swarm winging its 

 way into the State in 1865, from the west and northwest, I am un- 



