428 J 



ITS HIBERNATION. 



The Codling-moths pass the whiter iu the larva state enclosed m 

 cocoons, which are concealed, for the most part, under the more per- 

 manent scales ,or in the deep fissures of the bark or wood of the tree, in 

 the fruit of which they were reared. Those which have been taken with 

 the fruit into the fruit-room or cellar, are often found in great numbers 

 under the hoops on the barrels, or in cracks of the apple bins. It is a 

 curious circumstance in the history of this insect, that the late brood of 

 worms, {ffter they have enclosed themselves in cocoons, retain, as above 

 stated, the lar^^al form all winter, and do not change to pupai till within 

 two or three weeks of the time when they emerge as moths in the spring. 

 All testimony agrees upon this point. The summer brood, however, 

 l)ursue the usual course, and change to pupai in the course of two or 

 three day« after they have sjnm their cocoons. 



TEVEE OF APPEARANCE IN THE SPRING. 



The moths begin to make their appearance about the time of the 

 opening of the ai)ple blossoms, or soon thereafter ; the time varying 

 several weeks, according to the latitude and the character of the season. 

 Last year (1871) tlie moths were first noticed north of the center of this 

 State on May 20. The present season, in the latitude of Chicago, I first 

 saw a moth on the 12th of May, the apple trees being in pretty full 

 blossom ; but the pup;ie which I had kept through the winter did not 

 begin to open till the last week in May ; and Dr. James Weed, of Musca- 

 tine, Iowa, states tha^ on one occasion, upon examining the pupa^ which 

 had remained under the trap-bands through the winter, nearly all were 

 found unchanged on the 25th of May. The time of their appearance 

 will, of course, be earlier further south, to the same degree that vegeta- 

 tion is earlier ; the difference in this respect being expressed with suffi- 

 cient accuracy by the rule of adding or subtracting, as the case may 

 be, about one week for each one hundred miles of latitude. 



TIME AND PLACE OF EGG-DEPOSIT. ' 



The moths deposit their eggs, one at a time, usually in the calyx end 

 of the apples, as soon as they are out of the blossom. The moths them- 

 selves, on account of their smallness, the general obscurity of their col- 

 oring, and their nocturnal habits, are very rarelj^ seen, but we know 

 that they deposit their eggs at the calyx end because we can trace the 

 burrow of the young worm from that part ; and the other i)oints above 

 stated are known by a similar ex post facto method of reasoning. As 

 insects are known often to exhibit a wonderful apparent prescience iu 

 their operations, we may fairly conclude that the final object of the habit 



