11 [ 431 J 



stinct to lay but one egg on the same apple, and what is still more re- 

 markable, she must have the instinct to avoid those apples which have 

 been ah-eady appropriated to this purpose ; since, otherwise, we should 

 oftener find more than one worm in the same apple. At the time when 

 the second brood of moths appears, circumstances have become changed, 

 and the instincts of the insects are somewhat modified accordingly. 

 The apples have now become large enough to support more than one 

 worip, and the moths, though adhering, in the main, to their original 

 instinct, sometimes depart from it to a limited extent. But even here 

 the same moth never lays but. one egg on the same apple. The fact that 

 where there are two worms in the same apple, they are almost invaria- 

 bly of different sizes, shows that they are undoTibtedly the offspring of 

 different i>arents. 



DURATION OF THE IMAGO OR WINGED STATE. 



It is well known that many insects, after they have arrived at their 

 mature and winged state, have the mouth-organs wanting or rudimen- 

 tal, and consequently that they take no food at this stage of their ex- 

 istence. The life of these insects, after their maturity, probably does 

 not much exceed a week, and this brief period is wholly" occupied in 

 pairing and depositing the eggs by which the species is to be perpetu- 

 ated. The tongue of the Codling-moth is very short, and when raised 

 artificially, scarcely exceeds the head in length, and appears to be rath- 

 er obtuse at the end. The apjiarent imperfection of the organ, and the 

 fact that the moth has never been seen eating in the state of nature, has 

 led to the supposition that this insect belongs to the category of non- 

 feeding images. This, however, is not the case. Upon putting lumps 

 of moist sugar, and also shces of sweet apple in the boxes in which a 

 number of these moths were enclosed, I have seen then feed upon both 

 these substances, especially the latter ; eight or ten moths sometimes 

 aUghting upon the same slice of apple. The tongue, when extended by 

 the voluntary act of the insect, is seen to be slender and pointed, and 

 nearly double the length that it appears when not in use. They feed 

 greedily but awkwardly, their flexible tongues bending in every direction 

 against the resisting surface, and giving rise to the probable supposi- 

 tion that, in the natural state, they feed, like most other moths, upon 

 the honey of flowers, and most probably, in part at least, upon that con- 

 tained in the blossoms of the apple tree. I have kept many of these 

 moths in boxes without food, and have never known them to hve beyond 

 the seventh day. 



I have dwelt upon this point more particularly, because it enables us 

 to explain how it is that newly hatched worms are found in apples, to a 

 limited extent, all through the summer, showing either that the moths 

 must vary much in the time of their emergence in the spring, or else, 



