17 [ 437 ] 



The auimals used for this i)uri)ose are hogs and sheei>. The hitter are 

 more cleaulj, and equally effective, but they are liable to damage youug 

 trees by guawing the bark. Mr. A. li. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, 

 has pastured sheep in his large orchards for years, without any injury of 

 this kind. Shee]) seem to differ in their tastes in this respect ; but the 

 result will probably be found to depend generally upon the size and age 

 of the trees, and upon the circumstance whether there be a sufficient 

 supply of other food. 



4. EnU'cipping the worms nnder hcuuh and atJirv cDnfrirdiices. — The 

 well known hal)it of the Codling-worms to seek sheller, Avhen al)ont to 

 transform, under the scales of the bark of the trees upon Avhich they 

 have been reared, long ago suggested the idea of entrapping them under 

 some artificial covert in which they could be easilj^ destroyed. More 

 than fifty years ago, Mr. Joseph Burrelle, of Quincy, Mass., practiced 

 the method of winding pieces of old cloth around the trunks of the 

 trees, or hanging them in the crotches ; and subsequently Dr. Trimble, 

 of New Jersey,* suggested the substitution of hay bands in large or- 

 chards. These different methods have been largely put in practice, and 

 are now regarded as the most effective remedy against the damages of 

 the Codling-moth. The tables given above furnish sufficient examples 

 of the effectiveness of this process, showing that seven hundred and 

 twenty-six worms were captured on five trees, three of which were small 

 trees not more than six inches in diameter. 



The materials commonly used are bands of hay, or of cloth, or traps 

 made by placing two or three pieces of thin board or shingle one upon 

 another, and fastening them to the tree by a screw through the middle. 

 The hay bands are the least convenient, and are resorted to only when 

 a sufficiency of material for the cloth bands is not at hand. AYliere ma- 

 terial is abundant, the cloth bands should be from four to six inches 

 wide, and long enough to go twice round the tree, one layer upon the 

 other. In my first experiments I used cotton bands, and found the 

 Avorms rarely between the folds, but usually under the bands, more or 

 less embedded in the bark. The next year I used strips of old carpet, 

 which seemed to be more satisfactory to the insects, as many of them 

 sought protection between the layers. These bands can be kept in their 

 place either by a nail driven through the loose end into tlie tree, or by a 

 piece of twine tied around the middle of the band. They must be taken 

 off' and examined at certain intervals, and replaced after the worms 

 Avithin and beneath them have been destroyed. An expeditious way of 

 killing the worms has been suggested, by running the bands through a 

 common clothes wringer. 



The shingle traj) is a recent invention of Messrs. Thomas and D. B. 

 Wier, of Marshall county, in this State. It is an extremely simple con- 

 trivance, made usuallv of three iiieces of old shingle, new shingles being 

 Yol. IV— 47 ' 



