19 [ 439 ] 



tween them by rolling one piece upon another, mn eh more exepditionsly 

 than they can be destroyed in the bands. The bands, on the other hand, 

 possess the obvious advantage of completely surrounding the tree and 

 thus intercepting the passage of the worms on every side. 



We advise every orchardist to try both of these methods and retain 

 that which proves, in his hands, to be most effective and convenient. 

 A sample of the most approved pattern of the shingle trap can be ob- 

 tained by application to Mr. D. B. VVier, of Lacon, or Mr. Thomas Wier, 

 of Henry, Marshall county, Illinois. 



In large orchards, where a sufficient supply of waste cloth is not at 

 hand, the bands can be made of paper, folded two or three times, which 

 will answer the purpose for one season. Coarse straw paper can be 

 procured by the bale at such a price as to render the expense very 

 trifling. The paper should be selected of such a size, that when cut into 

 strips, they will reach around the trees. Such bands would, of course, 

 be spoiled by scalding, but the worms might be killed some other way, 

 or the bands could be renewed at a merely nominal expense. 



It is evident that the bands must be put upon the trees as soon as the 

 worms begin to leave the apples, and that they must be kept on all 

 through the season, because the worms of the second brood continue to 

 leave the apples as long as they hang upon the tree. But it is weU. es- 

 tablished, as a general rule, that the worms of the second brood do not 

 emerge as moths until the following spring, so that it is not necessary 

 to examine the bands after the first brood have ceased to run, with the 

 exception of one final examination late in the fall, or any time in the 

 winter or early spring. Mr. Eiley states that in the latitude of St. Louis 

 the gTeat majority of the worms of the first brood leave the fruit from 

 the middle of May to the middle of June. In the lattitude of Chicago 

 the time will have to be put a full month later. Indeed a very few 

 worms in this latitude leave the apples in the month of June, and more 

 than nine-teuths of the worms of the first brood leave the apple in the 

 month of July. A good practical rule, which will apply to all latitudes 

 and seasons, is to apply the bands at the end of one mouth from the 

 time of the blossoming of the apple trees. They can be applied, of 

 course, at any time previous to this when leisure permits. 



HOW OFTEN AND HOW LATE JIUST THE BANDS BE EXAJHNED? 



The intervals between the examinations must be somewhat less than 

 the duration of the pupa state, for the obvious reason that the insects 

 will begin to escape in the form of winged moths as often as this period 

 elapses. The usual duration of the pupa state,' in mid-summer, is about 

 twelve or fourteen days, though it varies fi^om ten to twenty. It will be 

 seen, by referring back to table i^o. 2, that sixteen empty pupa cases 



