150 THE ORDER OF COLEOPTERA. 



ing covered with little elevated points or granulations. This is the part 

 to which the term cicatrix is applied. Another character, valuable for 

 its permanency, is the openness, or the closure, of the middle cotyloid 

 cavity. The cotyloid cavity is the hollow in which the coxa is situated. 

 In some of the longicornes the posterior angle of the mesosternum is 

 prolonged backwards till it nearly touches tlie anterior angle of the 

 metasternum, and thus closes the cotyloid cavity on its outer side. In 

 this case the epimeron of the mesothorax is usually narrow, and does 

 not reach the cotyloid cavity. In others, the posterior angle of the 

 mesosternum is but slightly prolonged backwards, leaving the cotyloid 

 cavity open on the outer side. In this case the epimeron of the meso 

 thorax is larger and extends inwards, so that its inner extremity, which 

 is often somewhat widened, tills the gap between the angles of the meso- 

 and metasterna. This description will be better understood by referring 

 to the figure of Harpalus, on page 27. 



Family LX. CERAMBYCID^. 



The long-horned wood-borers constitute one large natural family of 

 beetles, named after the genus Oerambyx, an ancient Greek name for 

 some kind of long horned beetle, and applied by Linnreus to the insects 

 of this family. 



They are divisible into four sub-families, which may be distinguished 

 as follows : 



A. Head horizontal or inclined ; last joint of palpi not long and pointed; anterior 

 tibfe without furrow. Larvae six footed. 

 B. Head inserted in the thorax ; eyes deeply notched or horse-shoe shaped ; ante- 

 rior coxae not prominent. Larvae with the head narrower than the bod}', and 

 retractile. 

 C. Thorax somewhat square-shaped, with a sharp lateral margin, which is usual- 

 ly from one to three-toothed ; anterior coxte strongly transversal. Body 



generally large and depressed ; colors black or brown Pkionides. 



C C. Thorax rounded at the sides and without salient margin, sometimes with 

 one spine or tvibercle on each side. Size various ; colors often bright and 



diversified Cerambtcides. 



B B. Head attached to the thorax by a neck ; eyes nearly or quite round ; anterior 

 coxa3 angular and prominent; elytra generally narrowed behind. Larvai 



with the head as wide as the body Lepturides. 



A A. Head vertical ; last joint of palpi cylindrical and pointed ; anterior tibiie usually 

 with a furrow on the inner side. Larvae footless Lamiides. 



