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  heating 
  the 
  water, 
  one 
  driving 
  the 
  team 
  and 
  pumping, 
  and 
  the 
  third 
  

   handling 
  the 
  hose. 
  Nine 
  of 
  the 
  infested 
  trees 
  had 
  been 
  rooted 
  up 
  

   and 
  burned 
  by 
  the 
  owner, 
  but 
  everything 
  else 
  in 
  the 
  orchard 
  was 
  

   thoroughly 
  drenched. 
  Care 
  was 
  taken 
  that 
  every 
  twig 
  of 
  every 
  tree 
  

   was 
  thoroughly 
  soaked 
  with 
  this 
  hot 
  solution, 
  which 
  was, 
  however, 
  

   doubtless 
  cold 
  by 
  the 
  time 
  it 
  struck 
  the 
  bark. 
  The 
  trees 
  were 
  care- 
  

   fully 
  examined 
  the 
  next 
  day 
  after 
  spraying, 
  and 
  all 
  parts 
  which 
  the 
  

   liquid 
  had 
  not 
  certainly 
  reached 
  were 
  sprayed 
  again. 
  Patches 
  of 
  

   raspberry 
  canes 
  adjoining 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  osage 
  orange 
  hedge 
  in 
  the 
  

   vicinity 
  were 
  similarly 
  treated. 
  Five 
  hundred 
  and 
  ninety-five 
  pounds 
  

   of 
  whale-oil 
  soap 
  were 
  thus 
  used, 
  or 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  two 
  hundred 
  and 
  

   ninety-eight 
  gallons 
  of 
  tluid 
  for 
  the 
  live 
  hundred 
  trees. 
  The 
  one 
  and 
  

   two-year 
  old 
  stock 
  required 
  but 
  little 
  of 
  the 
  solution, 
  but 
  for 
  trees 
  

   four 
  to 
  eight 
  years 
  old 
  an 
  average 
  of 
  two 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  quarts 
  was 
  used. 
  

   For 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  older 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  orchard 
  two 
  gal- 
  

   lons 
  each 
  were 
  necessary. 
  Mr. 
  Blair 
  found 
  it 
  expedient 
  to 
  direct 
  the 
  

   spray 
  himself, 
  not 
  wishing 
  to 
  trust 
  to 
  the 
  thoroughness 
  of 
  persons 
  

   not 
  familiar 
  with 
  this 
  sort 
  of 
  work. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  material 
  for 
  this 
  

   single 
  treatment 
  was 
  |23.80. 
  For 
  the 
  larger 
  trees 
  it 
  was, 
  as 
  will 
  be 
  

   seen, 
  eight 
  cents 
  per 
  tree 
  for 
  the 
  soap 
  alone. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  treatment 
  of 
  this 
  orchard 
  with 
  the 
  soap-suds 
  spray 
  was 
  

   begun 
  under 
  Mr. 
  Blair's 
  supervision 
  March 
  27, 
  and 
  finished 
  by 
  the 
  

   owner 
  of 
  the 
  premises, 
  Mr. 
  Kiem, 
  March 
  29. 
  The 
  method 
  differed 
  

   from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  treatment 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  an 
  extension 
  rod 
  

   to 
  carry 
  the 
  spray 
  nozzle 
  along 
  the 
  larger 
  limits. 
  

  

  To 
  test 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  this 
  treatment, 
  the 
  scales 
  remaining 
  upon 
  the 
  

   twigs, 
  portions 
  of 
  branches, 
  and 
  cuttings 
  from 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  trunks 
  

   of 
  various 
  trees 
  were 
  examined 
  in 
  early 
  spring 
  as 
  sent 
  in 
  by 
  the 
  

   owner. 
  All 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Jos6 
  scale 
  which 
  were 
  thus 
  

   critically 
  scrutinized 
  were 
  dead. 
  

  

  To 
  determine 
  more 
  exactly 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  this 
  treatment, 
  an 
  Assistant, 
  

   Mr. 
  R. 
  W. 
  Braucher, 
  was 
  sent 
  to 
  Quincy 
  in 
  July, 
  1897, 
  with 
  instruc- 
  

   tions 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  critical 
  examination 
  of 
  every 
  infested 
  tree 
  in 
  the 
  or- 
  

   chard, 
  and, 
  if 
  necessary, 
  of 
  the 
  hedge 
  and 
  other 
  vegetation 
  in 
  the 
  

   vicinity 
  liable 
  to 
  attack 
  by 
  the 
  scale. 
  At 
  this 
  season 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  living 
  scales 
  was 
  of 
  course 
  itiore 
  easily 
  recognized 
  than 
  

   in 
  early 
  spring, 
  since 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  reproduction 
  was 
  at 
  its 
  height, 
  

   and 
  young 
  scales 
  of 
  all 
  ages 
  would 
  be 
  found 
  wherever 
  any 
  were 
  still 
  

   alive. 
  The 
  following 
  statement 
  is 
  drawn 
  up 
  from 
  his 
  report 
  made 
  

   August 
  2. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  twenty-six 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  orchard 
  which 
  had 
  evidently 
  been 
  

   infested, 
  living 
  scales 
  were 
  found 
  upon 
  seven, 
  generall}^ 
  in 
  crevices 
  

   or 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  bark, 
  where 
  they 
  were 
  protected 
  from 
  the 
  soap 
  solu- 
  

   tion, 
  but 
  in 
  several 
  cases 
  upon 
  the 
  exposed 
  surface, 
  where 
  they 
  had 
  

   doubtless 
  been 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  scales 
  so 
  thick 
  that 
  the 
  soap- 
  

   suds 
  did 
  not 
  reach 
  them. 
  

  

  The 
  worst 
  infested 
  tree 
  remaining 
  in 
  the 
  orchard 
  was 
  an 
  apple- 
  

   tree 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  left 
  as 
  an 
  experiment 
  when 
  others 
  in 
  similar 
  

   condition 
  had 
  been 
  destroyed. 
  The 
  trunk 
  and 
  larger 
  limbs 
  had 
  been 
  

   thoroughly 
  incrusted, 
  although 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  scales 
  had 
  now 
  disap- 
  

  

  