﻿15 
  

  

  worst 
  infested 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  of 
  any 
  tree 
  in 
  the 
  orchard. 
  The 
  

   living 
  scales 
  were 
  quite 
  numerous 
  near 
  the 
  ground, 
  and 
  were 
  also 
  

   distributed 
  sparsely 
  over 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  larger 
  limbs. 
  Immature 
  

   scales 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  all 
  three 
  of 
  these 
  trees, 
  established 
  under 
  pieces 
  

   of 
  bark 
  which 
  had 
  recently 
  cracked 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  deeper 
  layers. 
  

   Two 
  mature 
  females 
  were 
  noticed 
  on 
  these 
  trees, 
  each 
  with 
  a 
  number 
  

   of 
  young 
  beneath 
  the 
  maternal 
  scale. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  commonly 
  supposed 
  that 
  a 
  spray 
  of 
  whale-oil 
  soap 
  of 
  the 
  

   strength 
  used 
  in 
  these 
  treatments 
  is 
  destructive 
  to 
  the 
  fruit 
  buds, 
  

   but 
  the 
  general 
  appearance 
  of 
  this 
  little 
  orchard 
  would 
  suggest 
  

   rather 
  that 
  the 
  treatment 
  which 
  it 
  had 
  received 
  was 
  immediately 
  

   beneficial 
  in 
  all 
  respects, 
  at 
  least 
  to 
  the 
  apple-trees. 
  These 
  not 
  only 
  

   blossomed 
  freely 
  but 
  set 
  a 
  very 
  good 
  crop 
  of 
  fruit, 
  which 
  the 
  owner 
  

   was 
  sure 
  was 
  much 
  less 
  wormy 
  than 
  that 
  in 
  neighboring 
  orchards. 
  

   Plum-trees 
  also 
  were 
  in 
  bearing, 
  with 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  a 
  diminution 
  of 
  

   their 
  crop. 
  The 
  peach 
  blossoms 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  were 
  all 
  killed 
  by 
  

   frost. 
  Raspberries 
  and 
  blackberries, 
  sprayed 
  both 
  in 
  fall 
  and 
  spring, 
  

   were 
  fruiting 
  abundantly. 
  

  

  As 
  a 
  general 
  conclusion 
  concerning 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  this 
  experiment, 
  

   it 
  was 
  Mr. 
  Brauchers 
  judgment 
  that 
  ninety-nine 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  

   scales 
  in 
  this 
  orchard 
  were 
  killed, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  remainder 
  would 
  

   probably 
  have 
  been 
  destroyed 
  if 
  the 
  surfaces 
  of 
  the 
  trunks 
  and 
  

   larger 
  limbs 
  had 
  received 
  a 
  suitable 
  preliminary 
  treatment 
  with 
  a 
  

   scraper 
  and 
  brush. 
  It 
  is 
  very 
  evident, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  treatment 
  

   ordinarily 
  recommended 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  for 
  the 
  extermination 
  of 
  

   the 
  scale, 
  namely, 
  two 
  sprayings 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  (in 
  fall 
  and 
  spring 
  re- 
  

   spectively) 
  with 
  a 
  strong 
  solution 
  of 
  whale-oil 
  soap, 
  cannot 
  be 
  

   relied 
  upon 
  to 
  do 
  more 
  than 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  attack 
  in 
  check. 
  As 
  likely 
  

   to 
  be 
  applied 
  by 
  the 
  ordinary 
  orchard 
  owner 
  or 
  the 
  employes 
  of 
  the 
  

   nurserymen 
  it 
  would 
  almost 
  certainly 
  fail 
  much 
  more 
  conspicuously 
  

   than 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  here 
  described. 
  This 
  Quincy 
  orchard 
  will 
  be 
  

   treated 
  again 
  next 
  fall 
  and, 
  if 
  necessary, 
  the 
  following 
  spring, 
  in 
  the 
  

   light 
  of 
  our 
  experience 
  at 
  the 
  time. 
  

  

  DESCRIPTION. 
  

  

  The 
  small 
  size 
  and 
  inconspicuous 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  

   scale 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  other 
  orchard 
  scales 
  with 
  which 
  fruit 
  growers 
  

   are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  familiar, 
  make 
  it 
  difficult 
  of 
  recognition 
  even 
  as 
  a 
  

   scale 
  insect 
  of 
  any 
  sort, 
  and 
  when 
  identified 
  as 
  such 
  its 
  positive 
  de- 
  

   termination 
  as 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  is 
  greatly 
  embarrassed 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  

   that 
  we 
  have, 
  commonly 
  and 
  widely 
  distributed, 
  three 
  or 
  even 
  four 
  

   other 
  species* 
  of 
  its 
  genus 
  which 
  so 
  closely 
  resemble 
  it 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  

   not 
  to 
  be 
  distinguished 
  from 
  it 
  by 
  ordinary 
  observation. 
  Indeed, 
  

   even 
  the 
  practiced 
  entomologist 
  will 
  often 
  resort 
  to 
  the 
  compound 
  

   microscope 
  and 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  a 
  mounted 
  slide 
  to 
  satisfy 
  himself 
  in 
  

   doubtful 
  cases. 
  These 
  kindred 
  species 
  are 
  but 
  little 
  known, 
  and 
  

   their 
  economic 
  importance 
  is 
  not 
  well 
  understood. 
  Our 
  own 
  ob- 
  

   servations 
  in 
  Illinois 
  go. 
  on 
  the 
  whole, 
  to 
  support 
  the 
  view 
  that 
  they 
  

  

  * 
  Aspidiofiis 
  obsrurns, 
  A. 
  ain'ylus, 
  A. 
  forltesi, 
  and 
  A. 
  howurdi. 
  

  

  