﻿1^2 
  

  

  resembles 
  that 
  of 
  Illinois, 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  con- 
  

   trolled 
  by 
  natural 
  enemies, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  there 
  closely 
  watched 
  liy 
  all 
  care- 
  

   ful 
  fruit 
  growers, 
  who 
  rely 
  always 
  upon 
  their 
  own 
  efforts 
  to 
  keep 
  it 
  

   in 
  check.* 
  

  

  Determined 
  efforts 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  introduce 
  into 
  California 
  

   from 
  Australia 
  and 
  other 
  western 
  countries 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  species 
  

   of 
  the 
  natural 
  enemies 
  of 
  scale 
  insects, 
  but 
  thus 
  far 
  with 
  only 
  two 
  

   conspicuously 
  successful 
  results. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  question 
  that 
  the 
  im- 
  

   portation 
  of 
  I'edalid 
  ao'dinalix 
  has 
  brought 
  about 
  a 
  very 
  great 
  re- 
  

   duction 
  in 
  numbers, 
  amounting 
  to 
  the 
  practical 
  extermination 
  for 
  

   the 
  time, 
  at 
  least, 
  of 
  the 
  scale 
  upon 
  which 
  it 
  feeds 
  exclusively, 
  

   namely, 
  the 
  Icerya 
  purchasioi 
  the 
  orange; 
  and 
  another 
  predaceous 
  

   enemy 
  of 
  this 
  scale 
  {Novins 
  koehelri) 
  , 
  seems 
  also 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  suc- 
  

   cessfully 
  established; 
  but 
  of 
  the 
  forty 
  to 
  sixty 
  other 
  species 
  whose 
  

   introduction 
  lias 
  been 
  attempted, 
  it 
  appears 
  from 
  Professor 
  Smith's 
  

   Report, 
  so 
  often 
  quoted, 
  that 
  only 
  one 
  enemy 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  

   (J^hizohius 
  lophaiifd') 
  . 
  has 
  finally 
  established 
  itself 
  and 
  become 
  widely 
  

   distributed 
  in 
  that 
  State. 
  Even 
  this 
  species, 
  however, 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  

   recognized 
  as 
  an 
  effective 
  enemy 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale. 
  It 
  appears, 
  

   indeed, 
  to 
  be 
  nowhere 
  very 
  abundant, 
  and 
  promises 
  but 
  little 
  as 
  a 
  

   means 
  of 
  checking 
  the 
  multiplication 
  of 
  this 
  destructive 
  orchard 
  in- 
  

   sect. 
  

  

  Funr/ns 
  Diseases. 
  — 
  Several 
  writt>rs 
  have 
  indulged 
  in 
  slightly 
  

   founded 
  surmises 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  occurrence 
  in 
  California 
  of 
  

   fungus 
  diseases 
  of 
  the 
  pernicious 
  scale, 
  but 
  no 
  really 
  tangible 
  evi- 
  

   dence 
  of 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  such 
  disease 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  presented 
  from 
  

   that 
  State. 
  The 
  only 
  certainly 
  recognized 
  fungus 
  parasite 
  of 
  this 
  

   scale 
  is 
  one 
  whose 
  occurrence 
  on 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  detected 
  by 
  Prof. 
  P. 
  H. 
  

   Rolfs, 
  of 
  Lake 
  City, 
  Florida, 
  who 
  at 
  this 
  writing 
  is 
  about 
  to 
  bring 
  to 
  

   a 
  conclusion 
  an 
  extensive 
  study 
  of 
  its 
  life 
  history 
  and 
  economic 
  

   character. 
  Professor 
  Rolfs 
  has 
  been 
  kind 
  enough 
  to 
  send 
  to 
  me 
  a 
  

   large 
  quantity 
  of 
  material 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  coccids 
  dead 
  from 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   ease 
  produced 
  by 
  this 
  fungus, 
  and 
  also 
  cultures 
  of 
  the 
  fungus 
  itself. 
  

   The 
  coccids 
  in 
  question 
  were 
  Aspidiofus 
  ohscitrns 
  (on 
  water 
  oak) 
  

   and 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale, 
  the 
  latter 
  infected 
  by 
  Professor 
  Rolfs 
  by 
  

   means 
  of 
  artificial 
  cultures 
  of 
  the 
  fungus 
  parasite. 
  From 
  these 
  an 
  

   assistant 
  has 
  made 
  pure 
  cultures 
  successfully, 
  and 
  is 
  now 
  extending 
  

   them 
  in 
  fruit-jar 
  cultures 
  on 
  corn-meal 
  saturated 
  with 
  milk, 
  for 
  the 
  

   purpose 
  of 
  obtaining 
  a 
  sufficient 
  quantity 
  for 
  experimental 
  use 
  in 
  

   the 
  laboratory 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  field. 
  Prof. 
  Roland 
  Thaxter. 
  to 
  whom 
  some 
  

   specimens 
  have 
  been 
  referred, 
  somewhat 
  doubtfully 
  contirms 
  its 
  deter- 
  

   mination 
  — 
  made 
  at 
  this 
  office 
  — 
  as 
  Sj)h(i'rostiIbe 
  jUniimcd 
  Tulasne.f 
  

   Further 
  particulars 
  are 
  withheld, 
  awaiting 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  Prof. 
  

   Rolfs' 
  report 
  of 
  his 
  investigation. 
  This 
  experiment- 
  has, 
  however. 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Prof. 
  Smith's 
  Report, 
  p. 
  508. 
  

  

  t 
  Referring 
  to 
  some 
  specimens 
  from 
  Prof. 
  Rolfs 
  determined 
  by 
  him 
  iThaxter) 
  as 
  6'. 
  

   coccophild. 
  he 
  says: 
  "The 
  material 
  wliich 
  you 
  send 
  is 
  far 
  more 
  luxuriant, 
  and 
  if 
  one 
  is 
  to 
  

   separate 
  6\ 
  cbccophila 
  from 
  S. 
  .tlammea 
  on 
  a 
  basis 
  of 
  spore 
  measurements, 
  1 
  should 
  say 
  tliat 
  

   what 
  you 
  send 
  is. 
  ftattntn'a 
  without 
  much 
  hesitation. 
  The 
  material 
  forinerly 
  sent 
  me 
  con- 
  

   tained 
  spores 
  which 
  correspond 
  to 
  the 
  exsiccati 
  specimens 
  of 
  i'. 
  occopJiila 
  in 
  Ravenel 
  and 
  

   Rabenhorst. 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  true 
  that 
  they 
  correspond 
  to 
  our 
  copy 
  of 
  Ravenel's 
  S..t!(i»i)nt'<i 
  var. 
  

   minor. 
  * 
  * 
  * 
  Tulasne 
  remarks 
  that 
  the 
  two 
  .are 
  very 
  closely 
  allied, 
  but 
  does 
  not 
  make 
  it 
  

   plain 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  distinguished 
  unless 
  by 
  the 
  spore 
  measurements, 
  which 
  seem 
  not 
  

   very 
  relial»le. 
  

  

  