﻿H2 
  

  

  1893 
  and 
  l!SUl, 
  the 
  average 
  injury 
  was 
  reported 
  at 
  fifty-tive 
  per 
  cent., 
  

   while 
  on 
  those 
  fields 
  where 
  no 
  grass 
  had 
  grown 
  during 
  these 
  two 
  

   years 
  the 
  crop 
  injury 
  l)y 
  the 
  grub 
  was 
  estimated 
  at 
  thirty-three 
  per 
  

   cent. 
  Fields 
  in 
  grass 
  and 
  those 
  not 
  in 
  grass 
  for 
  three 
  years 
  preced- 
  

   ing 
  (from 
  1892 
  to 
  1894) 
  gave 
  substantially 
  the 
  same 
  percentages. 
  

   The 
  excessive 
  tendency 
  of 
  the 
  agriculture 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  to 
  grass 
  is 
  

   illustrated 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  fourteen 
  injured 
  fields 
  were 
  reported 
  by 
  

   the 
  owners 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  in 
  grass 
  for 
  periods 
  ranging 
  from 
  eight 
  to 
  

   forty 
  years. 
  • 
  These 
  fourteen 
  fields 
  were 
  damaged 
  on 
  an 
  average 
  to 
  

   the 
  extent 
  of 
  forty-eight 
  i^er 
  cent. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  very 
  common 
  supposition 
  among 
  entomologists 
  that 
  

   the 
  parent 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  grub 
  lays 
  its 
  eggs 
  maiidy, 
  if 
  not 
  altogether, 
  

   in 
  lands 
  bearing 
  pasture 
  or 
  meadow 
  grasses, 
  and 
  that, 
  consequently, 
  

   crops 
  on 
  ground 
  continuously 
  in 
  small 
  grain 
  or 
  corn 
  are 
  not 
  liable 
  

   to 
  this 
  insect 
  injury. 
  It 
  is 
  now 
  very 
  evident, 
  however, 
  that 
  under 
  

   circumstances 
  such 
  as 
  have 
  lately 
  prevailed 
  in 
  Christian 
  county 
  this 
  

   supposition 
  is 
  erroneous. 
  Seventeen 
  of 
  the 
  fields 
  reported 
  to 
  me 
  

   had 
  not 
  been 
  in 
  grass 
  since 
  1890. 
  and 
  yet 
  damage 
  to 
  the 
  crops 
  of 
  

   1895 
  averaged 
  in 
  these 
  fields, 
  according 
  to 
  our 
  reports, 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  

   thirty-five 
  per 
  cent. 
  According 
  to 
  current 
  accounts 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  his- 
  

   tory 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  white 
  grubs, 
  the 
  oldest 
  grubs 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  in 
  

   1895 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  hatched 
  from 
  eggs 
  laid 
  in 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1893. 
  

   Forty-two 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  crops 
  borne 
  by 
  three 
  fields 
  which 
  were 
  in 
  

   small 
  grain 
  in 
  1893 
  and 
  1891 
  were 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  grubs 
  in 
  1895, 
  

   while 
  three 
  fields 
  in 
  corn 
  in 
  these 
  two 
  years 
  were 
  reported 
  injured 
  in 
  

   1895 
  to 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  twenty-seven 
  per 
  cent. 
  The 
  conclusion 
  is 
  

   thus 
  unavoidable 
  that 
  where 
  the 
  beetles 
  are 
  excessively 
  abundant, 
  

   as 
  in 
  this 
  badly 
  infested 
  region, 
  they 
  may, 
  like 
  the 
  chinch-bug, 
  

   multiply 
  almost 
  without 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  crop 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  when 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid. 
  

  

  Clover 
  find 
  WhUe-Gruh 
  Injiiry. 
  — 
  Interesting 
  items 
  concerning 
  

   the 
  relation 
  of 
  clover 
  to 
  the 
  white 
  grul) 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  notes 
  of 
  my 
  

   assistants. 
  In 
  a 
  pasture 
  near 
  Taylorville, 
  where 
  both 
  clover 
  and 
  

   timothy 
  were 
  growing 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  of 
  1895, 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  very 
  greatly 
  

   damaged, 
  but 
  the 
  clover 
  presented 
  no 
  appearance 
  of 
  injury, 
  this 
  con- 
  

   trast 
  being 
  remarked 
  on 
  both 
  the 
  higher 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   field. 
  In 
  some 
  patches 
  where 
  t!ie 
  timothy 
  was 
  entirely 
  killed, 
  the 
  

   clover 
  was 
  clearly 
  unharmed, 
  even 
  the 
  smallest 
  roots 
  being 
  entire. 
  

   Several 
  clover 
  fields 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  gave 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  injury, 
  

   although 
  spots 
  of 
  blue 
  grass 
  in 
  these 
  clover 
  meadows 
  were 
  often 
  

   found 
  infested 
  with 
  white 
  grubs. 
  In 
  a 
  town 
  lot 
  at 
  Taylorville 
  liv- 
  

   ing 
  clover 
  plants 
  were 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  smaller 
  patches 
  of 
  dead 
  ])lue 
  

   grass, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  larger 
  areas 
  tlu^ 
  clover 
  had 
  been 
  attacked 
  and 
  its 
  

   roots 
  cut 
  off. 
  This 
  comparative 
  immunity 
  of 
  clover 
  is 
  very 
  probably 
  

   due 
  in 
  large 
  measure 
  to 
  the 
  peculiar 
  rooting 
  habit 
  of 
  the 
  plant. 
  

   Even 
  when 
  the 
  tap-root 
  was 
  girdled 
  or 
  eaten 
  away, 
  the 
  smaller 
  roots 
  

   commonly 
  remained 
  uninjured, 
  and 
  served 
  to 
  maintain 
  the 
  plant. 
  

  

  Injuries 
  as 
  affected 
  by 
  Soil 
  and 
  Situation. 
  — 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  apparent 
  

   from 
  the 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  reports 
  sent 
  in 
  that 
  fields 
  adjacent 
  to 
  wood- 
  

   lands, 
  and 
  especially 
  woodland 
  pastures 
  themselves, 
  were 
  much 
  more 
  

  

  