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  A 
  single 
  spL'cies 
  (Ciicloccj)li(ila 
  iiiniutciilaid) 
  has 
  a 
  slightly 
  different 
  

   life 
  history, 
  the 
  grub 
  not 
  pupating 
  until 
  spring. 
  

  

  The 
  time 
  and 
  place 
  of 
  hil)eniation 
  of 
  the 
  grubs 
  have 
  their 
  special 
  

   economic 
  interest, 
  since 
  while 
  in 
  their 
  usual 
  winter 
  quarters 
  these 
  

   insects 
  are 
  far 
  beyond 
  the 
  reach 
  of 
  any 
  agricultural 
  operations. 
  Ac- 
  

   cording 
  to 
  our 
  most 
  recent 
  and 
  general 
  observations 
  they 
  begin 
  to 
  

   retreat 
  from 
  the 
  surface 
  in 
  September, 
  going 
  gradually 
  deeper 
  with 
  

   the 
  advancement 
  of 
  the 
  season, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  being 
  much 
  below 
  

   their 
  usual 
  feeding 
  places 
  before 
  the 
  advent 
  of 
  December. 
  They 
  

   bury 
  themselves 
  from 
  a 
  foot 
  to 
  a 
  foot 
  and 
  a 
  half, 
  — 
  and 
  sometimes 
  

   possibly 
  deeper. 
  — 
  remain 
  here 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  months, 
  and 
  come 
  

   up 
  from 
  their 
  winter 
  quarters 
  in 
  March 
  and 
  April, 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  their 
  

   movement 
  varying. 
  

  

  Prevevtioii 
  aitd 
  Bcniedy. 
  — 
  The 
  simplest 
  and 
  most 
  immediate 
  

   measure 
  for 
  the 
  prevention 
  of 
  injury 
  by 
  the 
  white 
  grubs 
  is 
  the 
  pas- 
  

   turing 
  of 
  infested 
  sod 
  with 
  pigs, 
  a 
  fact 
  not 
  by 
  any 
  means 
  new, 
  but 
  

   substantiated 
  abundantly 
  by 
  the 
  observations 
  of 
  assistants 
  and 
  the 
  

   statements 
  of 
  correspondents 
  in 
  the 
  Christian 
  county 
  district. 
  In 
  

   badly 
  infested 
  fields 
  herds 
  of 
  swine 
  will 
  fairly 
  gorge 
  themselves 
  with 
  

   grubs. 
  One 
  correspondent 
  describes 
  a 
  field 
  of 
  blue 
  grass 
  and 
  red 
  

   top, 
  divided 
  by 
  a 
  fence 
  for 
  about 
  three 
  years 
  preceding, 
  on 
  one 
  side 
  

   of 
  which 
  it 
  had 
  been 
  pastured 
  by 
  hogs 
  and 
  cattle 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  

   by 
  sheep 
  No 
  damage 
  at 
  all 
  was 
  done 
  to 
  the 
  grass 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  plot, 
  

   but 
  upon 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  pasture 
  became 
  worthless 
  at 
  harvest 
  time, 
  

   and 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  grass 
  died, 
  destroyed 
  by 
  immense 
  numbers 
  of 
  

   grubs 
  working 
  about 
  an 
  inch 
  below 
  tlie 
  surface. 
  Chickens 
  were 
  also 
  

   very 
  active 
  in 
  destroying 
  these 
  insects, 
  especially 
  in 
  small 
  grassy 
  lots 
  

   near 
  town. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  clearly 
  evident 
  from 
  the 
  foregoing 
  account 
  that 
  long 
  coritinu- 
  

   ance 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  in 
  grass 
  is 
  an 
  invitation 
  to 
  agricultural 
  injuries 
  

   by 
  the 
  white 
  grubs 
  both 
  to 
  the 
  sod 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  succeeding 
  crops, 
  

   whatever 
  these 
  may 
  be. 
  Especially 
  is 
  this 
  true 
  in 
  woodland 
  regions, 
  

   where 
  the 
  beetles 
  find 
  an 
  abundant 
  food 
  in 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  trees, 
  

   and 
  the 
  grubs 
  an 
  e(|ually 
  favorable 
  supply 
  in 
  the 
  adjacent 
  sod. 
  No 
  

   natural 
  or 
  agricultural 
  arrangement 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  or 
  devised 
  more 
  

   favorable 
  to 
  the 
  maintenance 
  of 
  these 
  insects, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  sur- 
  

   prising, 
  consequently, 
  that 
  they 
  should 
  now 
  and 
  then 
  reach 
  the 
  limit 
  

   of 
  possible 
  destructiveness 
  when 
  such 
  conditions 
  are 
  present. 
  We 
  

   see 
  further 
  from 
  the 
  foregoing 
  discussion 
  that 
  small 
  grains 
  in 
  rota- 
  

   tion 
  are 
  a 
  better 
  protection 
  against 
  subsequent 
  white 
  grub 
  injury 
  

   than 
  is 
  corn, 
  since 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  June 
  beetles 
  are 
  most 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  

   laid 
  in 
  grass, 
  next 
  in 
  corn, 
  and 
  less 
  likely 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  in 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  

   small 
  grains. 
  

  

  The 
  Christian 
  county 
  observations 
  strongly 
  emphasize 
  my 
  recom- 
  

   mendations, 
  previously 
  made,* 
  of 
  the 
  general 
  use 
  of 
  clover 
  in 
  the 
  

   crop 
  rotation 
  as 
  a 
  substitute 
  for 
  grass 
  in 
  regions 
  liable 
  to 
  injury 
  by 
  

   grubs. 
  

  

  For 
  a 
  fuller 
  discussion 
  of 
  preventive 
  and 
  remedial 
  agencies 
  the 
  

   reader 
  is 
  referred 
  to 
  pages 
  127 
  to 
  VA'l 
  of 
  my 
  Scn-enth 
  Report 
  (eight- 
  

   eenth 
  of 
  the 
  series). 
  

  

  ♦Eighteenth 
  Rep. 
  State 
  Eiit. 
  111., 
  p. 
  128. 
  

  

  