﻿this 
  disappoarancc 
  boin^' 
  generally 
  in 
  dispute 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time. 
  

   North 
  of 
  San 
  Francisco, 
  however, 
  according 
  to 
  Professor 
  Smith, 
  * 
  it 
  

   has 
  nowhere 
  disappeared 
  naturally, 
  a 
  fact 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  indicate 
  

   sensibility 
  to 
  climatic 
  conditions, 
  and 
  a 
  preference 
  for 
  a 
  temperate, 
  

   somewhat 
  moist 
  climate, 
  free 
  especially 
  from 
  the 
  intense 
  dry 
  sum- 
  

   mer 
  heat 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  states. 
  There 
  is 
  as 
  

   yet 
  no 
  recorded 
  notice 
  of 
  any 
  such 
  spontaneous 
  disappearance 
  or 
  

   diminution 
  of 
  its 
  numbers 
  in 
  any 
  eastern 
  locality, 
  either 
  from 
  

   climatic 
  conditions 
  or 
  from 
  the 
  natural 
  multiplication 
  of 
  parasites. 
  

   So 
  far 
  as 
  at 
  present 
  known 
  to 
  us, 
  conseciuently, 
  relief 
  from 
  its 
  

   ravages 
  is 
  dependent 
  entirely 
  upon 
  artificial 
  measures. 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  be 
  clearly 
  understood, 
  however, 
  that 
  these 
  artificial 
  

   measures 
  are 
  now 
  so 
  well 
  developed 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  so 
  thoroughly 
  

   tested 
  that 
  tlu^re 
  is 
  no 
  longer 
  any 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  ability 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   grower 
  to 
  control 
  this 
  pest 
  on 
  his 
  own 
  premises, 
  and 
  to 
  raise 
  fruit 
  

   year 
  after 
  year 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  it, 
  provided 
  only 
  that 
  the 
  necessary 
  in- 
  

   secticide 
  applications 
  are 
  regularly 
  and 
  intelligently 
  made. 
  

  

  ORIGIN 
  AND 
  DISPERSAL. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Untied 
  States. 
  — 
  The 
  original 
  home 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  .scale 
  has 
  

   not 
  yet 
  been 
  certainly 
  ascertained. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  Australia. 
  

   Hawaii, 
  and 
  Japan, 
  but 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  first 
  recorded 
  from 
  Chili 
  

   in 
  1872, 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  noticed 
  on 
  pears 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  introduced 
  

   from 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  By 
  1873 
  it 
  had 
  become 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  in 
  

   the 
  San 
  Jose 
  Valley, 
  California, 
  on 
  the 
  premises 
  of 
  Mr. 
  James 
  Lick, 
  

   the 
  founder 
  of 
  the 
  Lick 
  Observatory. 
  It 
  is 
  probable, 
  consequently, 
  

   that 
  it 
  had 
  established 
  itself 
  at 
  this 
  place 
  at 
  least 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  1870. 
  

   There 
  is, 
  indeed, 
  some 
  reason 
  to 
  suppose 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  a 
  native 
  Amer- 
  

   ican 
  species, 
  perhaps 
  occurring 
  originally, 
  as 
  suggested 
  by 
  Professor 
  

   Smith, 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  Pacific 
  states 
  upon 
  some 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  

   many 
  wild 
  fruiting 
  trees 
  and 
  shrubs 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  now 
  known 
  to 
  infest. 
  

   Mr. 
  Cockerell. 
  however, 
  gives 
  considerable 
  indirect 
  evidence 
  of 
  a 
  

   Japanese 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  in 
  a 
  recently 
  published 
  bulletin 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture.f 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  its 
  actual 
  distribution 
  has 
  been 
  placed 
  on 
  record, 
  Arizona 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  become 
  infested 
  by 
  1884, 
  New 
  Jersey 
  in 
  1886 
  or 
  1887, 
  

   Maryland 
  in 
  1887, 
  Florida 
  in 
  1881), 
  Washington, 
  Ohio, 
  Pennsylvania 
  

   and 
  Virginia 
  in 
  1890, 
  Idaho, 
  Georgia, 
  Louisiana. 
  Indiana 
  and 
  Illinois 
  

   by 
  1891, 
  New 
  Mexico 
  and 
  New 
  York 
  by 
  1892, 
  Alabama,:^: 
  Delaware, 
  

   Massachusetts 
  and 
  Michigan 
  by 
  1893, 
  British 
  Columbia 
  and 
  Missouri 
  

   by 
  1894, 
  and 
  West 
  Virginia 
  by 
  1895. 
  Doubtless 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  

   states 
  the 
  first 
  actual 
  invasion 
  was 
  of 
  earlier 
  date, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  of 
  

   thorn 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  several 
  tunos 
  introduced 
  and 
  from 
  various 
  infested 
  

   localities. 
  Idaho 
  was 
  apparently 
  infested 
  from 
  Washington, 
  and 
  

  

  * 
  1. 
  c, 
  p. 
  504. 
  

  

  t 
  The 
  San 
  Jos6 
  Scale 
  and 
  its 
  nearest 
  Allies. 
  Bull. 
  No. 
  (!, 
  Tech. 
  Ser.. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Dt-pt. 
  

   Agr., 
  p. 
  15. 
  

  

  t 
  "In 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  San. 
  Jos6 
  Scale 
  and 
  its 
  iutroductiun 
  intoAhibaiua.it 
  was 
  first 
  intro- 
  

   duced 
  into 
  the 
  state 
  in 
  the 
  spring: 
  of 
  1893. 
  We 
  purchased 
  some 
  fruit 
  trees 
  from 
  a 
  nursery 
  

   in 
  New 
  Jersey."— 
  J. 
  W. 
  Hoffman, 
  Director, 
  AiiricnUnral 
  I)ei)iirtni<»f, 
  SoutJi 
  Carolina 
  

   CoHeiji'. 
  

  

  