﻿39 
  

  

  To 
  prevent 
  the 
  escape 
  of 
  the 
  chinch-bugs 
  from 
  the 
  wheat 
  in 
  other 
  

   directions 
  similar 
  furrows 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  three 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  

   wheat 
  field, 
  with 
  greater 
  difficulty, 
  however, 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  bare 
  strip 
  

   between 
  the 
  wheat 
  and 
  the 
  corn, 
  owing 
  especial 
  1}' 
  to 
  the 
  straw 
  in 
  the 
  

   earth 
  where 
  the 
  wheat 
  was 
  plowed 
  under 
  at 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  field. 
  

   Fairl}^ 
  good 
  furrows 
  were 
  finally 
  made, 
  and 
  very 
  few 
  bugs 
  escaped. 
  

  

  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  intense 
  dry 
  heat 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  post-holes 
  in 
  the 
  

   dnsty 
  furrow 
  were 
  of 
  course 
  unnecessary. 
  They 
  would, 
  indeed, 
  have 
  

   been 
  a 
  disadvantage 
  as 
  affording 
  a 
  protection 
  against 
  the 
  sun 
  and 
  

   giving 
  the 
  bugs 
  accumulating 
  in 
  them 
  a 
  possible 
  opportunity 
  to 
  

   escape 
  in 
  the 
  cooler 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  day. 
  When 
  the 
  temperature 
  is 
  lower, 
  

   however, 
  and 
  the 
  weather 
  dry, 
  post-holes 
  or 
  cans 
  sunk 
  in 
  the 
  furrow 
  

   are 
  indispensable 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  accumulating 
  the 
  chinch-bugs 
  where 
  

   thev 
  can 
  be 
  killed 
  by 
  coal-tar 
  or 
  kerosene. 
  These 
  facts 
  were 
  well 
  

   made 
  out 
  in 
  1894. 
  and 
  i:)ost-holes 
  were 
  used 
  along 
  the 
  furrow 
  in 
  1895 
  

   only 
  after 
  a 
  light 
  rain 
  which 
  partially 
  destroyed 
  the 
  efficiency 
  of 
  the 
  

   ))arrier 
  previously 
  made. 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  heavy 
  rain 
  having 
  fallen 
  on 
  the 
  afternoon 
  of 
  June 
  12, 
  filling 
  

   the 
  ditches 
  to 
  overflowing 
  and 
  thoroughly 
  soaking 
  the 
  earth, 
  the 
  bugs 
  

   entered 
  the 
  field 
  freely 
  during 
  the 
  two 
  following 
  days, 
  completely 
  

   covering 
  the 
  corn 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  four 
  rods 
  along 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  

   field, 
  and 
  penetrating 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  ten 
  or 
  twelve 
  rods 
  from 
  

   the 
  border. 
  June 
  15 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  coal-tar 
  was 
  put 
  upon 
  the 
  ground 
  

   between 
  the 
  wheat 
  and 
  the 
  corn 
  from 
  an 
  ordinary 
  garden 
  sprinkling 
  

   pot 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  sprinkler 
  had 
  been 
  removed. 
  The 
  orifice 
  of 
  the 
  

   spout 
  was 
  narrowed 
  with 
  a 
  plug 
  of 
  wood 
  until 
  the 
  tar 
  came 
  out 
  in 
  a 
  

   stream 
  about 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  little 
  finger, 
  making 
  a 
  line 
  upon 
  the 
  

   earth 
  about 
  three 
  fourths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  width. 
  Post-holes 
  were 
  then 
  

   sunk 
  along 
  this 
  line 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  next 
  to 
  the 
  wheat 
  at 
  intervals 
  vary- 
  

   ing 
  from 
  ten 
  to 
  twenty 
  feet. 
  The 
  barrier 
  thus 
  formed 
  was 
  practically 
  

   complete. 
  The 
  chinch- 
  bugs 
  being 
  unable 
  to 
  cross 
  the 
  coal-tar 
  line, 
  

   accumulated 
  in 
  vast 
  numbers 
  in 
  the 
  holes, 
  where 
  thej^ 
  were 
  destroyed 
  

   by 
  pouring 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  tar. 
  The 
  further 
  spread 
  of 
  the 
  bugs 
  in 
  the 
  

   corn 
  was 
  arrested 
  by 
  additional 
  tar 
  lines 
  between 
  the 
  rows, 
  the 
  in- 
  

   fested 
  corn 
  itself 
  being 
  presently 
  cleared 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  kerosene 
  

   emulsion. 
  In 
  this 
  field 
  the 
  tar 
  was 
  run 
  in 
  a 
  zigzag 
  manner, 
  the 
  post- 
  

   holes 
  being 
  dug 
  in 
  the 
  angles 
  of 
  the 
  line. 
  This 
  is 
  an 
  unnecessary 
  

   addition 
  to 
  the 
  expense, 
  however, 
  more 
  tar 
  being 
  used 
  than 
  was 
  ri?- 
  

   quired. 
  A 
  somewhat 
  more 
  economical 
  procedure 
  when 
  time 
  will 
  

   permit 
  would 
  be 
  to 
  dig 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  post-holes 
  first 
  and 
  to 
  extend 
  the 
  

   coal-tar 
  belt 
  from 
  one 
  hole 
  to 
  another, 
  running 
  it 
  a 
  little 
  over 
  the 
  

   edge 
  at 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  hole 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  passage 
  of 
  the 
  bugs 
  

   around 
  the 
  ends. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  efifect 
  of 
  the 
  Effingham 
  procedure 
  above 
  described 
  

   was 
  to 
  protect 
  the 
  corn 
  and 
  other 
  crops 
  adjacent 
  to 
  tlie 
  fiekl 
  of 
  wheat 
  

   (itself 
  so 
  badly 
  infested 
  as 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  completely 
  destroyed) 
  except 
  

   so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  corn 
  was 
  entered 
  before 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  experi- 
  

   ment 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  heavy 
  rain 
  of 
  June 
  12, 
  when 
  the 
  tar 
  was 
  

   not 
  at 
  hand 
  for 
  use. 
  Even 
  these 
  infested 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  field 
  were 
  

   saved 
  by 
  the 
  kerosene 
  emulsion, 
  as 
  described. 
  By 
  selecting 
  an 
  aver- 
  

  

  