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  were 
  growing; 
  in 
  such 
  places 
  the 
  chinch-bugs 
  remained 
  in 
  their 
  

   hibernating 
  quarters 
  uninjured. 
  When 
  the 
  green 
  stubble 
  was 
  parted 
  

   the 
  bugs 
  scrambled 
  out 
  in 
  all 
  directions 
  when 
  left 
  exposed 
  to 
  the 
  

   sun 
  ror 
  a 
  few 
  minutes. 
  Not 
  a 
  single 
  bug, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  could 
  see. 
  had 
  

   been 
  injured 
  by 
  the 
  tire. 
  

  

  Effect 
  of 
  Salt 
  on 
  the 
  Hotcliing 
  of 
  Chinch 
  -hugs' 
  Egqs. 
  — 
  August 
  15, 
  

   1895, 
  twenty 
  chinch-bugs' 
  eggs 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  earth 
  mixed 
  with 
  

   twenty 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  salt 
  and 
  put 
  in 
  a 
  covered 
  glass 
  for 
  observation. 
  

   The 
  surface 
  was 
  moistened 
  with 
  water 
  and 
  further 
  sprinkled 
  with 
  

   salt. 
  A 
  check 
  experiment 
  was 
  arranged 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time, 
  similar 
  

   in 
  every 
  way 
  except 
  that 
  the 
  salt 
  was 
  omitted. 
  The 
  eggs 
  began 
  

   hatching 
  in 
  three 
  days 
  in 
  the 
  experimental 
  lot, 
  and 
  b}^ 
  the 
  23d 
  

   were 
  all 
  hatched 
  except 
  one. 
  The 
  record 
  for 
  the 
  check 
  lot 
  was 
  

   precisely 
  the 
  same. 
  

  

  Eff'ect 
  of 
  Burial 
  in 
  Earth 
  on 
  Hafchinf/ 
  of 
  Chinch-bugs' 
  Eggs. 
  — 
  

   Beginning 
  August 
  5, 
  1895, 
  ten 
  lots 
  of 
  chinch-bugs' 
  eggs, 
  twenty-five 
  

   in 
  each, 
  were 
  carefully 
  buried 
  in 
  earth 
  at 
  dej^ths 
  varying 
  from 
  one 
  

   sixteenth 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  to 
  four 
  inches. 
  An 
  eleventh 
  lot 
  was 
  similarly 
  

   treated 
  but 
  left 
  upon 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  depths 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  various 
  

   lots 
  were 
  buried 
  was 
  as 
  follows: 
  one 
  sixteenth 
  of 
  an 
  inch, 
  one 
  

   eighth, 
  one 
  fourth, 
  three 
  eighths, 
  one 
  half, 
  five 
  eighths, 
  one 
  inch, 
  

   two 
  inches, 
  three 
  inches, 
  and 
  four 
  inches. 
  These 
  lots 
  were 
  observed 
  

   from 
  day 
  to 
  day 
  and 
  record 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  young. 
  

   By 
  August 
  24: 
  all 
  the 
  check 
  or 
  surface 
  lot 
  had 
  hatched; 
  twenty-four 
  

   of 
  those 
  buried 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  one 
  sixteenth 
  of 
  an 
  inch; 
  all 
  placed 
  

   one 
  eighth 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  under 
  the 
  surface; 
  twenty-three 
  of 
  those 
  

   buried 
  a 
  fourth 
  of 
  an 
  inch; 
  twenty-four 
  of 
  those 
  at 
  three 
  eighths 
  

   inch; 
  all 
  at 
  one 
  half 
  inch; 
  twenty-tliree 
  at 
  five 
  eighths 
  of 
  an 
  inch; 
  

   twenty-three 
  at 
  one 
  inch; 
  and 
  twenty 
  in 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  remain- 
  

   ing 
  lots, 
  buried 
  respectively 
  at 
  two. 
  three, 
  and 
  four 
  inches 
  depth. 
  

  

  If 
  one 
  may 
  judge 
  from 
  this 
  experiment 
  there 
  was 
  some 
  loss 
  of 
  

   eggs 
  — 
  from 
  twenty 
  to 
  twenty-five 
  per 
  cent. 
  — 
  ^from 
  burial 
  at 
  two 
  

   inches 
  or 
  more. 
  

  

  Precise 
  Laboratori/ 
  Experiments 
  witJi 
  Muscardinc 
  Fungi 
  on. 
  

   Chinch-hugs. 
  — 
  Notwithstanding 
  the 
  great 
  amount 
  of 
  experimental 
  

   work 
  done 
  with 
  the 
  fungus 
  of 
  white 
  muscardine, 
  as 
  applied 
  to 
  

   chinch-bugs 
  for 
  their 
  destruction, 
  exact 
  laboratory 
  experiments 
  kept 
  

   under 
  close 
  observation 
  and 
  carried 
  on 
  under 
  perfectly 
  uniform 
  con- 
  

   ditions 
  remained 
  a 
  desideratum, 
  especially 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  refuting 
  

   with 
  authority 
  the 
  extravagant 
  statements 
  often 
  made 
  by 
  careless 
  or 
  

   inexpert 
  observers. 
  On 
  this 
  account 
  experiments 
  were 
  begun 
  at 
  the 
  

   State 
  Laboratory 
  of 
  Natural 
  History 
  in 
  July, 
  1895. 
  by 
  Mr. 
  B 
  M. 
  

   Duggar, 
  an 
  Assistant 
  engaged 
  for 
  the 
  investigation 
  of 
  insect 
  disease. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  these 
  experiments 
  the 
  chinch 
  -bugs 
  used 
  were 
  placed 
  

   in 
  small 
  covered 
  glass 
  jars 
  half 
  filled 
  with 
  moist 
  sand 
  and 
  kept 
  in 
  a 
  

   moist 
  condition. 
  Those 
  in 
  the 
  experimental 
  lots 
  were 
  all 
  wet 
  with 
  

   water 
  in 
  which 
  a 
  large 
  quantity 
  of 
  spores 
  of 
  the 
  muscardine 
  fungus 
  

   had 
  been 
  thoroughly 
  mixed. 
  To 
  insure 
  still 
  further 
  thorough 
  in- 
  

   fection 
  small 
  pieces 
  of 
  an 
  ordinary 
  agar 
  culture, 
  one 
  remove 
  from 
  the 
  

   dead 
  insect, 
  and 
  bearing 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  muscardine 
  spores, 
  were 
  

  

  